미국의 모든 학생의 성공법(ESSA) 제정 및시사점 = A Study on the Enactment of ESSA and Its Implications in the United States

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

On December 2015 President Obama signed into Every Student Succeeds Act(ESSA), a rewrite of No Child Left Behind(NCLB) by signed by George W. Bush 14 years ago ESSA is the newest version of Elementary and Secondary Education Act(ESEA), the nation`s national education law and longstanding commitment to equal opportunity for all students. ESSA is a bipartisan measure that preserves federally mandated standardized testing in reading and math established by the Bush-era law, but leave it up to state and local officials to set their own performance goal, rate schools and determine how to fix those that fail to meet their objectives. This latest revision eliminates the punitive consequences for states and districts that perform poorly. The new version also prohibits the government from imposing academic requirements like the Common Core and from issuing waivers that are not authorized by law. But civil rights group have been tepid in their support for the this new version because they fear that some states will revert to the neglect of minority students that drove Congress to pass NCLB. Some experts are warning that the Every Student Succeeds Act has big problems of its own.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 염철현, "캘리포니아 “학부모 학교 참여권 강화법”(Parent Empowerment Law)의 고찰 및 시사점" 대한교육법학회 24 (24): 71-97, 2012

2 연합뉴스, "초등교사 1만7천 여 명 학력평가 거부"

3 염철현, "오바마 정부의 낙오학생방지법(NCLB) 수정안 고찰 및 시사점" 대한교육법학회 24 (24): 43-66, 2012

4 염철현, "미국 초·중등교육개혁법 고찰 - ‘No Child Left Behind Act’를 중심으로 -" 한국비교교육학회 15 (15): 57-78, 2005

5 이코노미스트, "데스밸리에 빠진 교육을 구하라"

6 염철현, "낙오학생방지법(NCLB) 시행 6년의 성과, 과제, 그리고 시사점" 한국비교교육학회 19 (19): 167-188, 2009

7 한국경제, "美 언론 ‘흑백 인종·빈부계층별 교육 격차 크다"

8 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Core_State_Standards_Initiative"

9 The New York Times, "Why the New Education Law Is Good for Children Left Behind"

10 Washington Post, "U.S. Education Department threats to sanction states over test opt-outs"

11 USA TODAY, "The Every Succeeds Act vs. No Child Left Behind: What’s Changed?"

12 The Atlantic, "The Bloated Rhetoric of No Child Left Behind’s Demise"

13 Education Week, "President signs ESEA rewrite, giving states, districts bigger say on policy"

14 The New York Times, "President Obama Signs Into Law a Rewrite of No Child Left Behind"

15 OECD, "PISA 2012 Database"

16 U.S. Department of Education, "Every Student Succeeds Act"

17 Education Week, "ESSA Poses Capacity Challenges for State Education Agencies"

18 Education Week, "America’s High School Crisis: Policy Reforms That Will Make a Difference"