ABSTRACT
Health Behavior and Lifestyle Changes Among International Students in the KOICA-Yonsei Global Health Master’s Program:
A Cross-sectional Study Using the Social Ecological Model
This study investigates health behavior and lifestyle changes...
ABSTRACT
Health Behavior and Lifestyle Changes Among International Students in the KOICA-Yonsei Global Health Master’s Program:
A Cross-sectional Study Using the Social Ecological Model
This study investigates health behavior and lifestyle changes among international students enrolled in the KOICA-Yonsei Global Health Master’s Program, a structured public health scholarship for professionals from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Amid South Korea’s growing role as an international education hub, the health and well-being of foreign students remain underexplored, particularly in non-Western contexts. Using a retrospective cross-sectional survey design, this study assessed health behaviors at three critical timepoints—before studying in Korea, during the academic program, and after returning home—across nine domains: physical activity, dietary habits, mental health, substance use, sleep, social health, healthcare access, overall health, and general reflections.
Grounded in the Social Ecological Model (SEM), the research explores multilevel influences—ranging from intrapersonal to policy-level factors—on student health behaviors throughout the academic migration cycle. A total of 123 participants from 46 countries completed the online survey between April and May 2025. The questionnaire incorporated validated instruments (e.g., SF-36, PHQ-4, PSQI, AUDIT-C) and was pilot-tested for reliability and content validity.
Quantitative analysis included Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), composite score creation, and repeated-measures testing (e.g., Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests), alongside subgroup and SEM-level influence analysis. Results revealed significant changes in mental health, social well-being, and healthcare access during the study period. Mental health scores worsened during the program but improved post-return; social health followed a U-shaped trajectory; healthcare access declined during initial adaptation but recovered over time. Subgroup differences were observed by gender, region, profession, and length of stay. SEM analysis indicated that intrapersonal and interpersonal factors were perceived as most influential.
These findings highlight the complex and dynamic nature of health behavior changes among international students in structured academic programs. By applying a theory-driven, multi-timepoint framework in a non-Western context, this study contributes novel evidence to global health and higher education research. The results underscore the need for tailored, multi-level support systems that extend across the entire migration cycle—including pre-departure preparation, arrival and adjustment in the host country, and post-return reintegration. Policy-makers, universities, and scholarship providers should embed health promotion strategies into international education programs to improve student well-being, enhance academic outcomes, and strengthen long-term global health leadership capacity.
Key words : Health behavior, international students, South Korea, Social ecological model