Seals and sealing in the ancient world : case studies from the Near East, Egypt, the Aegean, and South Asia

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Notes on Contributors = ix
• List of Illustrations = xv
• List of Plates = xix
• List of Tables = xxi
• Acknowledgments = xxiii
• Preface / Joan Aruz = xxv
• List of Abbreviations = xxix
• 1 Introduction : Small Windows, Wide Views / Marta Ameri ; Sarah Kielt Costello ; Gregg M. Jamison ; Sarah Farmer Scott = 1
• Seals And Sealing As Tools Of Visual Communication (Iconography, NarratⅣe, Text = 4
• Seals And Sealing As Markers Of Personal And Social Identity = 6
• Process And Practice : Seal Production, Use, And Reuse = 7
• Seals And Sealings As Evidence For Regional And Interregional Interaction = 8
• MotⅣations = 9
• Part Ⅰ. The Ancient Near East And Cyprus = 11
• 2 AdministratⅣe Role Of Seal Imagery In The Early Bronze Age : Mesopotamian And Iranian Traders On The Plateau / Holly Pittman = 13
• Abstract = 13
• Ⅰ Introduction = 14
• Ⅱ AdministratⅣe Role Of Seals In Mesopotamia = 14
• A. AdministratⅣe Functions In The Uruk Period = 16
• B. AdministratⅣe Role Of Seals In The Third-Millennium Mesopotamia = 18
• C. Function Of Seal Imagery In The Old Assyrian Trading Colonies = 20
• Ⅲ AdministratⅣe Function Of Seal Imagery On The Iranian Plateau : Merchants And Traders = 21
• A. Early Third Millennium : Trench XⅣ = 23
• B. Trenches III And V = 24
• C. Distinct Sealing Communities = 25
• Ⅳ Conclusion : Traders In Action = 33
• 3 Slave Labor : Uruk Cylinder-Seal Imagery And Early Writing / Sarah Farmer Scott = 36
• Abstract = 36
• Ⅰ Introduction = 36
• Ⅱ Case Study = 37
• A. Image- And Quantity-Based Record Keeping = 37
• B. Uruk Seal Imagery And Tablet Contents = 43
• C. Pigs And Prisoners = 49
• Ⅲ Conclusions = 50
• 4 The First Female Bureaucrats : Gender And Glyptic In Third-Millennium Northern Mesopotamia / Andrew McCarthy = 54
• Abstract = 54
• Ⅰ Introduction = 55
• Ⅱ Case Study = 58
• A. Defining Bureaucracy = 58
• B. Middle Euphrates = 60
• C. Khabur Basin = 64
• Ⅲ Conclusion = 67
• 5 Rematerializing The Early Dynastic Banquet Seal / Sarah Kielt Costello = 68
• Abstract = 68
• Ⅰ introduction = 68
• Ⅱ case study = 69
• A. Feasting At Ur : The Early Dynastic Banquet = 71
• B. The Banquet Seal = 76
• C. Conclusions : Women, Seals, And Power In Early Dynastic Mesopotamia = 78
• Acknowledgments = 80
• 6 Sealing Practices In The Akkadian Period / Yelena Z. Rakic = 81
• Abstract = 81
• Ⅰ Introduction = 81
• Ⅱ Case Study : The Akkadian State And Its Administration = 83
• A. Akkadian Seals And Sealings = 85
• B. Akkadian Sealing Types = 87
• Ⅲ Conclusions = 92
• 7 Authenticity, Seal Recarving, And Authority In The Ancient Near East And Eastern Mediterranean / Joanna S. Smith = 95
• Abstract = 95
• Ⅰ Introduction = 96
• Ⅱ Seal Recarving = 97
• A. Seal Meaning And Value = 100
• B. Inscriptions And Seal Recarving = 105
• C. Figures And Seal Recarving = 109
• D. The Reach And Limits Of Authority = 115
• Ⅲ Conclusions = 120
• Acknowledgments = 123
• Part Ⅱ. South Asia And The Gulf Region = 125
• 8 Indus Seals And Glyptic Studies : An Overview / Asko Parpola = 127
• Abstract = 127
• Ⅰ Introduction : Discovery Of The Indus CⅣilization = 127
• A. In The Beginning Were Seals = 127
• B. Excavations In The Greater Indus Valley = 127
• C. Seals And Harapan Contacts With Western And Central Asia = 129
• Ⅱ Evolution Of Indus Seals : Types And Motifs = 130
• A. Pre-Harappan Phase Ca. 3500-3000 BCE = 130
• B. Early Harappan Phase Ca. 3000-2500 BCE = 131
• C. Early Mature Harappan Phase Ca. 250-2300 BCE = 132
• D. Middle Mature Harappan Phase Ca. 2300-2100 BCE = 133
• E. Late Mture Harappan Phase Ca. 2100-1900 BCE = 135
• F. Late Or Post-Harappan Phase 1900-1300 BCE = 136
• Ⅲ Study Of Specific Aspects Of Indus Seals = 136
• A. Seal Inscriptions And The Indus Script = 137
• B. Photographic Corpus Of Indus Seals And Inscriptions = 138
• C. Seals And Inscriptions Of Mohenjo-Daro = 138
• D. Seals As Badges Of Authority And Amulets = 140
• E. The Indus Seals As Administrative Tools = 141
• F. Seal Manufacture = 143
• 9 Letting The Pictures Speak : An Image-Based Approach To The Mythological And Narrative Imagery Of The Harappan World / Marta Ameri = 144
• Abstract = 144
• Ⅰ Introduction = 145
• Ⅱ Definition Of Terms = 146
• A. Seals, Seal Impressions And Tablets = 146
• B. Characters, Scenes, And NarratⅣes = 148
• C. Monsters And Mythological Creatures = 148
• Ⅲ Characters = 149
• A. Mythological Animals = 149
• B. Anthropomorphic Figures = 150
• C. Human-Animal Composites = 155
• Ⅳ Scenes = 157
• A. Human-Animal Interaction = 158
• B. Human-Human Interaction = 160
• C. Devotional Scenes = 161
• Ⅴ Reconstructing NarratⅣes = 161
• Ⅵ Conclusions = 165
• 10 Understanding Indus Seal-Carving Traditions : A Stylistic And Metric Approach / Gregg M. Jamison = 167
• Abstract = 167
• Ⅰ Introduction = 167
• Ⅱ Case Study = 169
• A. Background = 169
• B. Methodology = 172
• C. Results = 175
• Ⅲ Discussion = 183
• Ⅳ Conclusions = 185
• Acknowledgments = 186
• 11 Operational Sequences And Stamp Seals : A Preliminary Report On An Experimental And Microtopographic Framework For Identifying Groups Of Seal Carvers In The Indus CⅣilization / Adam S. Green = 187
• Abstract = 187
• Ⅰ Introduction = 188
• Ⅱ Indus Stamp Seals : Production And Use = 189
• Ⅲ Operational Sequences, Social Choices, And Social Groups = 192
• Ⅳ Reconstructing Operational Sequences = 194
• Ⅴ Case Study : Examining Selas From Chanhu-Daro = 198
• Ⅵ Conclusions = 201
• Acknowledgments = 202
• 12 Seals And Sealing Technology In The Dilmun Culture : The Post-Harappan Life Of The Indus Valley Sealing Tradition / Steffen Terp Laursen = 204
• Abstract = 204
• I Introduction = 205
• Ⅱ Overview Of The Dilmun Glyptic Tradition = 205
• A. Seal Types = 205
• B. Bureaucratic Devices In An AdministratⅣe System = 219
• Ⅲ Conclusions = 225
• Part Ⅲ. Egypt = 227
• 13 The Evolution Of Ancient Egyptian Seals And Sealing Systems / Josef Wegner = 229
• Abstract = 229
• Ⅰ Introduction = 230
• Ⅱ Egyptian Seals : A Chronological Overview Of Form And Function = 233
• A. Late Predynastic Through Old Kingdom (Ca. 3411-2200 BCE) = 233
• B. First Intermediate Period And Middle Kingdom (Ca. 2200-1600 BCE) = 237
• C. Decline Of The Middle Kingdom Sealing System = 241
• D. Seal Traditions In The New Kingdom = 242
• E. The First Millenium And Beyond = 247
• Ⅲ Case Study : The Community Of Wah-Sut = 247
• Ⅳ Conclusions = 256
• Acknowledgments = 257
• 14 Early Dynastic Sealing Practices As A Reflection Of State Formation In Egypt / Ilona Regulski = 258
• Abstract = 258
• Ⅰ Introduction = 258
• Ⅱ Sealing Practices At Umm El-Qa'ab ; The Beginnings = 259
• Ⅲ First Dynasty Sealing Practices As A Vehicle For Centralized Administration? = 263
• Ⅳ Sealing Practices In The Second Dynasty = 267
• A. Royal Contexts = 267
• B. Regional Evidence From The Second Dynasty = 269
• Ⅴ Conclusions : A Continuous Development? = 269
• 15 Sealings And Seals From Pyramid Age Egypt / John Nolan = 271
• Abstract = 271
• Ⅰ Introduction = 271
• Ⅱ Case Study = 272
• A. Background : Types Of Old Kingdom Cylinder Seals = 272
• B. From Sealings To Administration : The Case Of Pottery Mound = 275
• C. Papyri And Sealings Together : P. Raneferef 44 = 280
• Ⅲ Conclusions = 287
• 16 The AdministratⅣe Use Of Scarabs During The Middle Kingdom / Daphna Ben-Tor = 289
• Abstract = 289
• Ⅰ Introduction = 291
• Ⅱ Case Study : Middle Kingdom Scarab Use = 291
• A. The Early Middle Kingdom : The Late Eleventh And Early Twelfth Dynasties (Ca. 2040-1850 BCE) = 290
• B. The Late Middle Kingdom : The Late Twelfth And Thirteenth Dynasties (Ca. 1850-1700 BCE) = 291
• C. Primary Function Of Scarabs In The Late Middle Kingdom = 294
• D. The Late Middle Kingdom Sealing System = 299
• 17 Middle And New Kingdom Sealing Practice In Egypt And Nubia : A Comparison / Stuart Tyson Smith = 302
• Abstract = 302
• Ⅰ Introduction = 302
• Ⅱ Seal Types = 303
• A. Middle Kingdom Seal Types = 303
• B. New Kingdom Seal Types = 306
• Ⅲ Sealing Practice = 308
• A. Middle Kingdom Sealing Practice = 308
• B. New Kingdom Sealing Practice = 310
• Ⅳ Discussion : Sealing In The Middle And New Kingdom Periods = 319
• Ⅴ Conclusions = 324
• Acknowledgments = 324
• Part Ⅳ. Aegean = 325
• 18 Introductory Remarks, Aegean / Judith Weingarten = 327
• Abstract = 327
• Ⅰ Introduction = 327
• Ⅱ Developments In Aegean Seal Research = 328
• A. Seals As Badges = 328
• B. The New Theran Sealings = 329
• C. Replica Rings = 330
• D. Sealings And Administration = 330
• E. Seal Iconography = 331
• Ⅲ Conclusion = 333
• 19 Aegean Bronze Age Seal Stones And Finger Rings : Chronology And Functions / John G. Younger = 334
• Abstract = 334
• Ⅰ Introduction = 334
• Ⅱ Historical Context = 335
• Ⅲ Seal Stones And Finger Rings In Their Chronological Context = 336
• Ⅳ General Principles Of Aegean Glyptic = 339
• Ⅴ Dating Aegean Seals = 343
• Ⅵ Functions Of Seals = 344
• Ⅶ Obtaining Seals = 351
• Ⅷ Conclusions = 353
• 20 An Aegean Seal In Greek Hands? Thoughts On The Perception Of Aegean Seals In The Iron Age / Maria Anastasiadou = 355
• Abstract = 355
• Ⅰ Introduction = 355
• Ⅱ Case Study = 356
• Ⅲ Conclusions = 366
• Acknowledgements = 367
• 21 Cryptic Glyptic : MultⅣalency In Minoan Glyptic Imagery / Erin McGowan = 368
• Abstract = 368
• Ⅰ Introduction = 369
• Ⅱ Case Study = 370
• A. Multiplicity In Ancient Imagery = 370
• B. Changing Paradigms = 372
• C. Networks = 373
• D. Characteristics Of Minoan Glyptic = 374
• E. A Glyptic Network = 377
• F. Summary = 384
• Ⅲ Conclusions = 385
• 22 The Magic And The Mundane : The Function Of "Talismanic-Class" Stones In Minoan Crete / Angela Murock Hussein = 387
• Abstract = 387
• Ⅰ Introduction = 387
• Ⅱ Case Study : The Talismanic-Class Stones = 388
• A. The Body Of Evidence = 388
• B. Magic = 390
• C. Muindane = 390
• D. Manufacture = 393
• E. Use = 395
• F. The Socio-Cultural Context = 397
• Ⅲ Conclusion = 398
• References = 401
• Endnotes = 451
• Index = 457