노출 모델의 화평법 적용성: ECETOC TRA와 Stoffenmanager Tier 1 노출 모델을 활용한 벤젠의 작업자 노출 평가 = Occupational Exposure Assessment for Benzene Using Exposure Models (ECETOC TRA and Stoffenmanager) and Applicability Evaluation of Exposure Models in K-REACH

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to estimate the inhalation exposure level of benzene for workers using Tier 1 exposure models ECETOC TRA (European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals Target Risk Assessment) and Stoffenmanager, and to investigate their reliability for exposure assessment in KREACH.
Methods: Two exposure scenarios, ‘manufacture of benzene’ and ‘use as solvents,’ were developed for assessment of workers’ exposure to benzene. The Process Category (PROC) for ECETOC TRA was collected from the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) registration dossier, and the Activity for Stoffenmanager was converted from PROC using translation of exposure models (TREXMO). The information related to exposure, such as working duration, Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE), Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV), and Risk Management Measure (RMM) were classified into high, medium, and low exposure conditions. The risk was determined by the ratio of the estimated exposure and occupational exposure limits of benzene.
Results: Under high exposure conditions, the worker exposure level calculated from all PROCs and Activities exceeded the risk level, with the exception of PROC 1 and Activity 1. In the medium exposure condition, PROC 8a, 8b, and 9 and Activity 3, 7, and 8 all exceeded the risk, whereas in the low condition, all PROCs and Activities were determined to be safe. As a result, action corresponding with the low exposure condition is required to reduce the risk of exposure among workers in workplaces where benzene is manufactured or used as a solvent. In addition, the predicted exposure levels derived from the exposure models were lower than measured levels. The exposure levels estimated from Stoffenmanager were more conservative than those from ECETOC TRA.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of exposure models for exposure assessment through the example of occupational inhalation exposure assessment for benzene. For more active utilization of exposure models in K-REACH, the exact application of collected information and accurate interpretation of obtained results are necessary.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서 론
• II. 재료 및 방법
• III. 결과 및 고찰
• IV. 결 론

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Institute for work., "Translation of exposure models (TREXMO)"

2 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, "Tox-info benzene"

3 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, "Tox-info benzene"

4 Riedmann RA, "Sensitivity analysis dominant factors, and robustness of the ECETOC TRA v3, Stoffenmanager 4.5, and ART 1.5 occupational exposure models" 35 (35): 211-225, 2015

5 Korea ministry of environment, "Report on the results of domestic chemical substance distribution survey" 1-11, 2017

6 European chemicals agency, "Registration dossier of benzene"

7 Korea ministry of government legislation, "Occupational safety and health act"

8 European chemicals agency, "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.14: Occupational exposure assessment" 48-70, 2016

9 European chemicals agency, "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.14: Occupational exposure assessment" 61-62, 2016

10 European chemicals agency, "Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Chapter R.12: Use description" 49-54, 2015

11 National institute of environmental research, "Guidance for make chemical safety report. 2nd edition" 197-198, 2017

12 National institute of environmental research, "Guidance for make chemical safety report. 2nd edition" 193-197, 2017

13 Kupczewska-Dobecka M, "Evaluation of the TRA ECETOC model for inhalation workplace exposure to different organic solvents for selected process categories" 24 (24): 208-217, 2011

14 European chemicals agency, "European Union Risk Assessment Report (RAR). benzene" 119-124, 2008

15 National institute of environmental research, "ECETOC TRA manual for K-REACH implementation" 3-4, 2016

16 "Agency for toxic substances and disease registry. Toxicological profile for benzene"

17 Korea ministry of government legislation, "Act on registration, evaluation, etc. of chemical"

18 Spinazze A, "Accuracy evaluation three modelling tools for occupational exposure assessment" 61 (61): 284-298, 2017