생태정의 관점에서 고찰하는 유럽연합의 환경범죄 대응 정책: 포용성, 비례성, 책무성을 중심으로 = An Ecological Perspective on the European Union’s Responses to Environmental Crime: Inclusiveness, Proportionality, Accountability

국문 초록 (Abstract)

유럽연합은 국제사회에서 환경정책을 주도하는 행위자로 꼽히고 있지만, 지속가능성을 위협하는 불법 폐기물 매립, 야생동물 불법거래 등 각종 환경범죄의 성장과 기후위기에 직면해있다. 국경을 넘나들면서 규모가 성장하고 있는 초국가적 환경범죄는 21세기에 들어서 더욱 심각해지고 있는 환경불평등과 정의와도 직결되는 사안이라는 점에서 더욱 많은 관심이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 녹색범죄학(green criminology)에서 논의되고 있는 생태정의(ecological justice) 관점을 바탕으로 환경범죄를 본래적 범죄(malum in se)와 금지적 범죄(malum prohibitum)로 구별하고, 유럽연합의 환경형법과 정의로운 전환정책을 분석한다. 현재 유럽연합은 최근 환경범죄 대응과 기후위기 등 환경정책을 강화해왔으나, 기업의 무분별한 상품생산 및 에너지 소비행위 등 지속가능성을 위협하는 활동들을 근본적으로 방지하기에는 법적 한계에 직면해있다. 이러한 한계는 유럽연합이 평등과 정의의 원칙을 환경범죄 대응에 적극적으로 수용하지 않은 데에서 기인한다고 볼 수 있다.

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