Statistics for business : d ata analysis and modeling

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Part 1 Data Description = 1
• 1 Data Analysis and Model Building: An Introduction = 2
• 1.1 Science and Its Methods = 2
• 1.2 Science and Practical Affairs = 4
• 1.3 What Is a Process? = 4
• 1.4 Statistics in Science = 7
• 1.5 Process Analysis and Process Control = 8
• 1.6 Statistics: Listening to Processes = 11
• 1.7 Designed and Observational Studies = 14
• 1.8 Exercises = 20
• 1.9 overview of the Book = 22
• 1.10 On Using Computers = 22
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 1 = 22
• Glossary for Chapter 1 = 23
• 2 Plotting Process Data = 25
• 2.1 Knowledge Through Data = 25
• 2.2 Sequence Plots = 26
• 2.3 Exercises = 30
• 2.4 Computer-Assisted Sequence Plots = 31
• 2.5 Exercises = 35
• 2.6 Monthly Sales Data and Seasonality = 36
• 2.7 Exercises = 38
• 2.8 Some Assembly-Line Data and Transformations = 38
• 2.9 Exercise = 43
• 2.10 Some Regional Economic Data and Analysis of Changes = 43
• 2.11 Exercises = 46
• 2.12 Some U.S. Macroeconomic Data and Seasonality = 47
• Chapter Summary = 48
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 2 = 49
• Glossary for Chapter 2 = 50
• 3 Plotting Distributions = 51
• 3.1 Introduction = 51
• 3.2 Dotplots = 52
• 3.3 Exercises = 55
• 3.4 Stem-and-Leaf Displays = 56
• 3.5 Exercises = 61
• 3.6 Histograms = 62
• 3.7 Exercises = 74
• 3.8 Distribution Displays and Sequence Plots = 76
• 3.9 Exercises = 79
• Chapter Summary = 79
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 3 = 79
• Glossary for Chapter 3 = 82
• 4 Summarizing Continuous Data = 84
• 4.1 Introduction = 84
• 4.2 Statistics Based on Ordered Values = 85
• 4.3 Exercises = 90
• 4.4 Statistics Based on Averages = 91
• 4.5 Exercises = 97
• 4.6 Linear Transformations and Standardization = 98
• 4.7 Exercises = 101
• 4.8 Descriptive Statistics and the Computer = 102
• 4.9 Exercises = 104
• 4.10 A Case Study: Los Angeles Traffic = 104
• Chapter Summary = 108
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 4 = 109
• Glossary for Chapter 4 = 110
• 5 Describing Categorical Variables = 112
• 5.1 Introduction = 112
• 5.2 Variables = 113
• 5.3 Exercises = 115
• 5.4 Tallies = 116
• 5.5 Exercises = 119
• 5.6 Two-Way Tables = 119
• 5.7 Exercises = 122
• 5.8 Other Data Within Categories = 123
• 5.9 Exercises = 127
• 5.10 Multiway Tables (Optional) = 128
• 5.11 Exercises = 132
• Chapter Summary = 133
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 5 = 133
• Glossary for Chapter 5 = 136
• 6 Relating Continuous Variables = 138
• 6.1 Introduction = 138
• 6.2 Scatterplots = 139
• 6.3 Exercises = 144
• 6.4 Correlation = 146
• 6.5 Exercises = 150
• 6.6 Limitations of Correlation = 151
• 6.7 Exercises = 157
• 6.8 Autocorrelation = 158
• 6.9 Exercises = 167
• Chapter Summary = 168
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 6 = 169
• Glossary for Chapter 6 = 173
• Part 2 Elements of Modeling = 175
• 7 Straight-Line Models = 176
• 7.1 Introduction = 176
• 7.2 Straight-Line Models = 177
• 7.3 Exercises = 181
• 7.4 Least Squares = 182
• 7.5 Exercises = 187
• 7.6 Analysis of Residuals = 188
• 7.7 Exercises = 193
• 7.8 Outliers in Regression Analysis = 195
• 7.9 Exercises = 199
• Chapter Summary = 200
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 7 = 200
• Glossary for Chapter 7 = 204
• Appendix The Mathematics of Least Squares = 204
• 8 Multiple Regression Models = 207
• 8.1 Introduction = 207
• 8.2 Quadratic Regression = 208
• 8.3 Residual Standard Deviation = 212
• 8.4 Exercises = 214
• 8.5 Several Straight Lines-Indicator Variables = 215
• 8.6 Exercises = 220
• 8.7 Fitting Plane and Curved Surfaces = 221
• 8.8 Residual Plots = 225
• 8.9 Exercises = 229
• 8.10 The General Linear Model = 230
• 8.11 Exercises = 234
• 8.12 Internal and External Prediction = 235
• 8.13 Practical Experiences = 237
• Chapter Summary = 239
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 8 = 239
• Glossary for Chapter 8 = 241
• Appendix Computer Output = 242
• 9 Normal Distributions = 244
• 9.1 Introduction = 244
• 9.2 Exercises = 247
• 9.3 The Normal Curve = 247
• 9.4 Exercises = 258
• 9.5 The Central Limit Effect = 259
• 9.6 Exercises = 263
• 9.7 Checking for Normality = 264
• 9.8 Exercises = 270
• Chapter Summary = 271
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 9 = 272
• Glossary for Chapter 9 = 273
• 10 Control Charts for Continuous Variables = 274
• 10.1 Introduction = 274
• 10.2 What Is Statistical Control? = 275
• 10.3 Mean Charts for Process Control = 276
• 10.4 Exercises = 283
• 10.5 Standard Deviation Charts for Process Control = 284
• 10.6 Exercises = 287
• 10.7 Control Charts for Process Analysis = 288
• 10.8 Applications of Control Charts in Business = 294
• 10.9 Exercises = 302
• Chapter Summary = 304
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 10 = 304
• Glossary for Chapter 10 = 306
• 11 Binomial Distributions = 307
• 11.1 Introduction = 307
• 11.2 Bernoulli Processes = 308
• 11.3 Exercises = 311
• 11.4 The Binomial Distribution = 311
• 11.5 Exercises = 315
• 11.6 Runs (Optional) = 316
• 11.7 The Mean and Standard Deviation = 318
• 11.8 Exercises = 321
• 11.9 The Normal Approximation (Optional) = 322
• 11.10 Exercises = 327
• 11.11 Testing Hypotheses About $$\pi$$ (Optional) = 327
• 11.12 Exercises = 332
• Chapter Summary = 333
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 11 = 334
• Glossary for Chapter 11 = 334
• 12 Control Charts for Binary Variables = 336
• 12.1 Introduction = 336
• 12.2 p Charts = 337
• 12.3 Exercises = 339
• 12.4 Applications of the p Chart = 339
• 12.5 Exercises = 343
• 12.6 Other Control Charts = 343
• Chapter Summary = 344
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 12 = 344
• Glossary for Chapter 12 = 345
• Part 3 Randomized Data Collection and Inference = 347
• 13 Data Collection = 348
• 13.1 Simple Observation = 348
• 13.2 Surveys = 350
• 13.3 Exercises = 351
• 13.4 Experiments = 353
• 13.5 Exercises = 356
• 13.6 Comparisons = 356
• 13.7 Exercises = 360
• 13.8 Steps in Data Collection = 361
• 13.9 Exercises = 364
• 13.10 A Case Study = 365
• Chapter Summary = 368
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 13 = 368
• Glossary for Chapter 13 = 369
• 14 Fundamental Concepts of Surveying = 370
• 14.1 Introduction = 370
• 14.2 Definitions = 371
• 14.3 Exercises = 374
• 14.4 Problems Common to All Surveys = 375
• 14.5 Exercises = 379
• 14.6 Characteristics of Probability Surveys = 380
• 14.7 Exercises = 386
• Chapter Summary = 386
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 14 = 386
• Glossary for Chapter 14 = 388
• Appendix What Is a Survey? = 388
• 15 Survey Designs = 401
• 15.1 Introduction = 401
• 15.2 Simple Random Sampling: Methods, Results, Notation = 402
• 15.3 Exercises = 408
• 15.4 Interval Estimation = 410
• 15.5 Exercises = 415
• 15.6 Choosing Sample Sizes = 417
• 15.7 Exercises = 418
• 15.8 Misunderstanding and Misuse of Random Sampling = 419
• 15.9 Exercises = 421
• 15.10 Stratification, Clustering, and Systematic Sampling = 422
• 15.11 Exercises = 429
• Chapter Summary = 431
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 15 = 431
• Glossary for Chapter 15 = 432
• 16 Interpreting the Results of a Survey = 434
• 16.1 Introduction to the Report = 434
• 16.2 Initial Exploration of Tables = 435
• 16.3 Some Simple Interval Estimates = 438
• 16.4 Comparison of Groups: Estimates, Standard Errors, and Confidence Intervals = 443
• 16.5 Exercises = 447
• Chapter Summary = 448
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 16 = 448
• Glossary for Chapter 16 = 450
• Appendix Diagnosis-Related Groups Using Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey: United States, 1982 = 450
• 17 Significance Tests, Confidence Intervals, and Prediction Intervals = 462
• 17.1 Introduction: Probabilistic Inference = 462
• 17.2 The t Statistic for a Single Sample Mean = 464
• 17.3 Exercises = 469
• 17.4 Application to Significance Testing = 470
• 17.5 Exercises = 479
• 17.6 Confidence Intervals for One Process Mean = 480
• 17.7 Exercises = 483
• 17.8 Prediction Intervals = 483
• 17.9 Exercises = 484
• 17.10 Two-Sample t ; Statistics for the Difference Between Two Means = 485
• 17.11 Exercises = 489
• 17.12 Confidence Intervals for a Difference in Means = 490
• 17.13 Exercises = 491
• 17.14 F Statistics and F Distributions = 492
• 17.15 Exercises = 495
• 17.16 Comparison of Means When Data Are Binary-Chi-Square = 495
• 17.17 Exercises = 502
• Chapter Summary = 504
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 17 = 505
• Glossary for Chapter 17 = 506
• 18 Completely Randomized Experimental Designs and the Analysis of Variance = 508
• 18.1 Completely Randomized Design with Two Treatments = 509
• 18.2 Exercises = 521
• 18.3 Introduction to the Analysis of Variance = 523
• 18.4 Exercises = 527
• 18.5 Completely Randomized Design with More Than Two Groups = 529
• 18.6 Exercises = 532
• 18.7 Confidence Intervals for Average Differences Among Treatments = 534
• 18.8 Exercises = 537
• Chapter Summary = 538
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 18 = 539
• Glossary for Chapter 18 = 542
• Appendix Analysis-of-Variance Formulas for Completely Randomized Designs = 543
• 19 Randomized Block and Factorial Designs = 544
• 19.1 Randomized Block Designs = 544
• 19.2 Exercises = 549
• 19.3 General Factorial Designs = 552
• 19.4 Exercises = 557
• 19.5 Special Case of Factors at Two Levels = 558
• 19.6 Exercises = 570
• Chapter Summary = 571
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 19 = 572
• Glossary for Chapter 19 = 574
• Appendix Formulas for Analysis of Variance = 574
• Part 4 Modeling and Inference = 579
• 20 Inference in Regression Models = 580
• 20.1 A Statistical Model for Regression Analysis = 580
• 20.2 Interpreting the Regression Parameters = 582
• 20.3 Exercises = 583
• 20.4 Estimating Parameters Using Least Squares = 584
• 20.5 Exercises = 585
• 20.6 Inference for Models with One Predictor = 586
• 20.7 Exercises = 598
• 20.8 Inference for Models with Many Predictors = 600
• 20.9 Exercises = 605
• 20.10 Pitfalls in Regression Interpretation = 607
• 20.11 Exercise = 613
• 20.12 Binary Response Variables and Discriminant Analysis = 613
• 20.13 Exercises = 618
• Chapter Summary = 619
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 20 = 620
• Glossary for Chapter 20 = 621
• Appendix The Matrix Approach to Multiple Regression = 622
• 21 Regression Diagnostics and Transformations = 625
• 21.1 Introduction = 625
• 21.2 Residuals = 626
• 21.3 Exercises = 631
• 21.4 Outliers = 632
• 21.5 Exercises = 637
• 21.6 Influential Observations = 637
• 21.7 Exercises = 644
• 21.8 Transformations = 645
• 21.9 Exercises = 655
• 21.10 A Case Study-Gender Discrimination in the Workplace? = 657
• Chapter Summary = 665
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 21 = 665
• Glossary for Chapter 21 = 667
• 22 Regression Model Selection = 668
• 22.1 Introduction = 668
• 22.2 Added Variable Plots = 671
• 22.3 Exercises = 678
• 22.4 Collinearity = 678
• 22.5 Exercises = 683
• 22.6 Effects of Model Misspecification = 684
• 22.7 Exercise = 685
• 22.8 Best Subset Methods = 686
• 22.9 Exercises = 688
• 22.10 The F Test for Subsets of Coefficients (Optional) = 689
• 22.11 Exercises = 690
• 22.12 Stepwise Regression = 690
• 22.13 Exercises = 693
• Chapter Summary = 693
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 22 = 693
• Glossary for Chapter 22 = 695
• 23 Time Series Data = 697
• 23.1 Introduction = 697
• 23.2 Time Series Regression = 698
• 23.3 Exercises = 710
• 23.4 Lagged Variables = 711
• 23.5 Exercises = 718
• 23.6 Autoregression = 718
• 23.7 Exercises = 727
• 23.8 Exponential Smoothing = 728
• 23.9 Exercises = 741
• Chapter Summary = 741
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 23 = 742
• Glossary for Chapter 23 = 743
• 24 Seasonal Time Series = 744
• 24.1 Seasonality = 744
• 24.2 Exercises = 745
• 24.3 Seasonal Indicators = 747
• 24.4 Exercises = 753
• 24.5 Seasonal Autoregression = 754
• 24.6 Exercises = 757
• 24.7 Seasonal Exponential Smoothing = 758
• 24.8 Exercises = 763
• 24.9 Seasonal Differencing = 764
• 24.10 Exercises = 766
• 24.11 Seasonal Adjustment = 767
• Chapter Summary = 768
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 24 = 769
• Glossary for Chapter 24 = 770
• Part 5 Statistics in Organizations = 773
• 25 A Perspective on Statistics in Organizations = 774
• 25.1 Introduction = 774
• 25.2 Organizational Structure = 775
• 25.3 Science in Organizations = 777
• 25.4 Statistical Tools in Problem Formulation = 778
• 25.5 Exercises = 789
• 25.6 Organizing for Quality Improvement = 790
• 25.7 Exercises = 792
• Chapter Summary = 792
• Supplementary Exercises for Chapter 25 = 793
• Glossary for Chapter 25 = 793
• Appendix 1 Tables = 795
• Appendix 2 Theoretical Distributions and Properties = 802
• Appendix 3 Simulation = 814
• Appendix 4 Selected Data Set Listings = 823
• References = 832
• Glossary = 837
• Answers to Selected Exercises = 845
• Data Set Index = 875
• Index = 879