보호지역의 지속가능한 이용 및 관리 -지역의 생태,경제,사회적 특이성을 기반으로 한 접근 = Sustainable Use and Management of Protected Areas: Site-Based Approaches Considering Ecological and Socio-Economic Factors

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Analysis of ecological and socio-economic changes was attempted in and around protected areas to provide rational policy direction and a strategy for sustainable use and management of protected areas. Out of 8 Ecosystem-and-landscape conservation areas, 12 Wetland protected areas, 20 National Parks in Korea, 6 protected areas were chosen by use of the K-Means clustering analysis. For the analysis, 23 and 31 factors for designation and release of the protected areas were chosen, respectively. The 6 protected areas chosen were Soraksan National Park, Dadohaehaesang National Park, Donggang ecosystem-and-landscape conservation area, Upo wetland protected area, and Nakdonggang estuary wetland protected area. Then, biodiversity of the 6 protected areas were appraised by use of GIS-based spatio-temporal patterns of landcover maps, environmental conservation value assessment maps, and forest type maps. Socio-economic changes of the areas were appraised based on a survey from July 16, 2012 to August 19, 2012. Three groups of local residents, experts, and government officials (total 512 people) were chosen for the survey. The results were analyzed using Likert scales. Ecological and socio-economic changes of the 6 protected areas show different regional characteristics as follows. First, biodiversity in most of protected areas was improved since designation of the protected areas. Second, biodiversity in most of released protected area sites are threatened and decreased. Third, released protected area sites aggravate or threat biodiversity in and around the protected areas. Fourth, most of local residents acknowledge that protected areas policy damages their private property right in protected areas. Hence, they think designation of privately-owned land as protected areas is not necessary for natural environment conservation. Fifth, local residents, however, living at the released protected area sites acknowledge that economic conditions were not significantly improved after releasing sites from protected areas. Sixth, government officials, experts and local residents have different opinions on protected area policy and management system. Seventh, ecological, economic and social changes in designated or released protected area sites show different sites-by-sites characteristics depending on geographic location, environmental condition, and designation or release time the protected areas. For example, public perception of protected area policy is different between people in Upo Wetland and Nakdonggang estuary Wetland protected area governed by Wetland law. Local residents play an important role in biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of protected areas. It has been proved with many case-studies in USA, UK, Germany, Japan, and Australia as well as international programs of Convention on Biological Diversity, IUCN, and UNESCO. These case-studies emphasized good governance with government, public organization, community and local residents` participation and cooperation. For sustainable use and management of protected area, local residents` participation is critical for biodiversity conservation of protected areas. Research on the valuing protected areas services, monitoring biodiversity and providing related information to local residents should follows. Protected areas management plan, rational decision-making process of major issues, implementation, operational processes, roles and responsibilities (rights) to local residents should be established. Raising public awareness and understanding value of protected area and it`s sustainable use will be parts of good governance. Programs including campaign, project, event and utilizing media for local residents should be activated. In addition, it is necessary to establish a legal system which supports local residents` participation, improves economic and social value of protected areas, and shares benefits with local residents.