우리나라 최초의 근대신문에 등장하는 ‘妓(기생ㆍ기녀)’와 ‘娼(창기ㆍ창녀)’에 관한 연구 － 『한성순보』(1883~1884년)와 『한성주보』(1886~1888년)를 중심으로 － = A Study on Gisaeng and Changgi Appearing in Korea’s First Modern Newspapers - Focusing on [Hanseong Sunbo] (1883 - 1884) and [Hanseong Weekly] (1886 - 1888)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study identifies and distinguishes the terminological concepts of Gisaeng (妓) and Changgi (娼) as they appear in Korea’s first modern newspapers, [Hanseong Sunbo] and [Hanseong Weekly], in order to clarify the characteristics and status of Gisaeng (妓) and Changgi (娼) in the modern newspapers of the period.
First, the first professional artist Gisaeng (妓) to appear in Korea’s newspaper is Hwaseon (花仙) from Tongyeong, and she was recorded in the [Hanseong Weekly] issue of March 21, 1887. The first traditional artist Gisaeng (妓) to appear in Korea’s official historical record is Woljeonghwa (月精花) from Jinju, and she was noted in [Goryeosa] between 1046 and 1083, during the reign of King Munjong of Goryeo. These Gisaeng (妓) were from local regions rather than the capital area.
Second, the professional performer Gisaeng (妓) did not appear in the [Hanseong Sunbo] issues from October 1883 to October 1884. Instead, 娼 婦, 娼妓, and 醜妓 first appeared in those issues as the professional prostitute Changgi (娼). According to the articles from those issues, 娼婦 refers to Chinese Changbu (娼婦) as prostitute, 娼妓 refers to British Changgi (娼妓) as prostitute, and 醜妓 refers to Chinese Changgi (娼妓) as ugly prostitute.
Third, 優娼, 賣娼婦, 藝娼妓, 娼籍, 娼寮, and 妓 appear in the issues of [Hanseong Weekly] from January 1886 to March 1888 as professional prostitute and entertainer prostitute. The word, 娼, in 優娼 refers to Chinese Changgi (娼妓) as prostitute and entertainer prostitute, 賣娼婦 refers to Japanese prostitute (賣 春婦), 藝娼妓 refers to Japanese entertainer prostitute (藝娼妓), and 娼籍, 娼寮, and 妓 refer to young Chinese Changgi (娼妓) as professional prostitute. In addition, the term, 妓館, appeared for the first time in those issues, but at present, it is difficult to determine its exact characteristics.
Lastly, the term, 妓生, was first used in Korea’s official historical record in the first article from the March 6, 1511 issue of [Annals of King Jungjong].
According to the original text, the name of Gisaeng (妓生) is Sochunhwa (笑春花).
However, in the translated edition of [Annals of the Joseon Dynasty], Gisaeng Sochunhwa (笑春花) is mistranslated as Gisaeng Sochunpung (笑春風). Such mistranslation should be corrected, and citations must be handled carefully. In historical studies, cross-checking the original text is indispensable when citing the translated edition.