영국의 EU 탈퇴과정에서의 영국독립당 (UKIP)의 정체성과 역할에 대한 분석 = An analysis on UKIP's identity and role in Brexit referendum

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 영국독립당 (UKIP)의 정체성과 2016년 6월 국민투표과정에서의 UKIP의 정치형태를 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 합리적 선택이론에 따르면 정책추구정당은 정책실현을 정치적 목적으로 하며, 이를 위해서 다양한 정치 행태를 선택할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 합리적 선택이론을 기초하여 구성한 정체성과 이를 위한 UKIP의 정치적 행위를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 1993년 창당된 UKIP은 EU 탈퇴를 단일의제로 선정하여, 영국의회 선거와 유럽의회선거에 참여하는 반 EU 단일정책추구정당이다. 반 EU 단일정책추구정당인 UKIP은 영국의 EU 탈퇴 국민투표 과정에서 Vote Leave 캠페인으로부터 협력거부와 UKIP 정책의 무단 채택 등 정치적 견제를 받았지만, UKIP은 정치쟁점의 변화를 우려하여 이를 묵인하였으며, 또한 지역의회 중심의 지역적 접근을 시도하는 등 보완적 역할을 통해 Brexit 찬성을 이끌어 냈다. 이는 반 EU 정책을 실현을 추구하기 위한 UKIP의 정치행위였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to understand the UKIP's political behavior during their Brexit referendum in June 2016. According to rational choice theory, a policy seeking party has a political goal to implement its policy, and for the implementation, the party chooses various political behavior within political parties. Based on this argument, this study focuses on continuity of policy which shapes identity in order to analyze the UKIP's political behavior. In 1993, the UKIP was established and took an anti-European approach as a core agenda. The main policy has been continued in the general election and the EP elections. Thus it can be argued that the UKIP is a single issue party which only purposes to seek Brexit. In the Brexit referendum, although the UKIP proposed a cooperative campaign with the Vote Leave campaign, Vote Leave rejected the UKIP's proposal in order to produce differentiation with the UKIP. Vote Leave also adopted the UKIP's policy without notice. However, the UKIP condoned it and took its own campaign strategy to approach local governments. The strategy brought about a successful result.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "한국경제"

2 이충희, "캐머런 총리의 ‘EU 회원국 탈퇴선언’으로 바라본 영국 보수당과 자유민주당 연립정부의 EU 정책결정과정 시스템에 대한 분석" 국제지역연구센터 20 (20): 115-144, 2016

3 이종규, "최근 영국경제의 부진요인과 시사점" 2009

4 이종원, "영국의 EU 탈퇴에 대한 비판적 고찰: 캐머런의 국민투표 제안을 중심으로" 한국유럽학회 32 (32): 41-62, 2014

5 이충희, "영국의 EU 예산 협상: ‘재정전망 2014-2020’" 한국유럽학회 31 (31): 61-86, 2013

6 고상두, "영국독립당(UKIP)의 정치적 성장과 한계" 민주주의와 자치 연구소 12 (12): 67-100, 2016

7 김새미, "영국 극우정당 성장의 사회문화적 요인: 2014 영국독립당(UK Independence Party)의 사례를 중심으로" 한국유럽학회 34 (34): 73-109, 2016

8 Evans, Geoffrey, "Working Class Votes and Conservative Losses:Solving the UKIP Puzzle" 69 (69): 2015

9 Hilliard, Robert L, "Waves of Rancor: Tuning in the Radical Right" M.E. Shape Inc 1999

10 Statista, "Unemployment rate in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2000 to 2015"

11 Ford, Robert, "Understanding UKIP: Identity, Social Change and the Left Behind" 85 (85): 2014

12 UKIP, "UKIP launches Immigration policy"

13 van Elsas, Erika, "The changing relationship between left-right ideology and euroscepticism, 1973-2010" 15 (15): 2010

14 Deacon, David, "The UK Indepednece Party, populism and the British news media: Competition, collaboration or containment?" 31 (31): 2015

15 Kopecký, Petr, "The Two Sides of Euroscepticism: Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe" 3 (3): 2002

16 "The Telegraph"

17 "The Telegraph"

18 Mudde, Cas, "The Ideology of the Extreme Right" Cambridge University Press 2007

19 Geddes, Andrew, "The EU, UKIP and the Politics of Immigration in Britain" 85 (85): 2014

20 Ignazi, Piero, "The Crisis of Parties and the Rise of New Political Parties" 2 (2): 1996

21 NatCen Social Research that works for society, "Social and political attitudes of people on low incomes"

22 Kreidl, Martin, "Rise and Decline of Right-Wing Extremism in the Czech Republic in the 1990s" 8 (8): 2000

23 Karine Tournier-Sol, "Reworking the Eurosceptic and Conservative Traditions into a Populist Narrative: UKIP's Winning Formula?" 53 (53): 2015

24 Betz, Hans-Georg, "Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe" Macmillan Press Ltd 1994

25 Bache, Ian, "Politics in the European Union" Oxford University Press 2006

26 Leave.EU, "Politics"

27 Arzheimer, Kai, "Political Opportunity Structures and Right-wing Extremist Party Success" 45 (45): 2006

28 Adams, James, "Policy-Seeking Parties in a Parliamentary Democracy with Proportional Representation: A Valence-Uncertainty Model" 39 (39): 2009

29 Lavenex, Sandra, "Policy-Making in the European Union" Oxford University Press 2005

30 Page, Benjamin I., "Policy, Voting and the Electoral Process:The Vietnam War Issue" 66 (66): 1972

31 Müller, Wolfgang C, "Policy, Office or Votes? How Political Parties in Western Europe Make Hard Decisions" Cambridge University Press 1999

32 Budge, Ian, "Office Seeking and Policy Pursuit in Coalition Theory" 11 (11): 1986

33 House of Commons, "Manufacturing statistics and policy"

34 UKPOLLINGREPORT, "Latest voting intentions and Brexit polling"

35 Dennison, James, "Immigration, Issue Ownership and the Rise of UKIP" 68 (68): 2015

36 YouGov, "How Britain Voted"

37 Startin, Nicholas, "Have we reached a tipping point? The mainstreaming of Euroscepticism in the UK" 36 (36): 2015

38 Menon, Anand, "Hard or Soft? The Politics of Brexit" (238) : 2016

39 Statista, "Gross domestic product (GDP) year on your growth in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2000s"

40 Swank, Duane, "Globalization, the welfare state and right wing populism in western Europe" 1 (1): 2003

41 Farage, Nigel, "Flying Free" Biteback 2011

42 Golder, Matt, "Explaining Variation in the Success of Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe" 36 (36): 2003

43 Forster, Anthony, "Euroscepticism in Contemporary British Politics: Opposition to Europe in the British Conservative and Labour parties since 1945" Routledge 2002

44 Crines, Andrew S, "EU Referendum Analysis 2016:Media, Voters and the Campaign" The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community 2016

45 Abedi, Amir, "Doomed to Failure? UKIP and the Organisational Challenges Facing Right-Wing Populist Anti-Political Establishment Parties" 62 (62): 2008

46 Ford, Robert, "Different Class? UKIP's Social Base and Political Impact: A Reply to Evans and Mellon" 69 (69): 2015

47 Taggart, Paul, "Contemporary Euroscepticism in the party systems of the European Union candidates states of Central and Eastern Europe" 43 (43): 2004

48 "By-elections in the 2010-2015"

49 "BBC"

50 "BBC"

51 "BBC"

52 "BBC"

53 "BBC"

54 "BBC"

55 "BBC"

56 Vote Leave, "About the campaign"

57 Strøm, Kaare, "A Behavioral Theory of Competitive Political Parties" 34 (34): 1990