미국의 오판 사례 분석에 의한 형사 정책적 시사점 = Post-Conviction DNA Exonerations in the United States

국문 초록 (Abstract)

미국에서 유죄 판결을 받았으나 DNA 분석을 통해 오판이 확인된 사례들은 1989년 이후 2011년 4월 현재 268건이나 된다. 지금까지 확인된 오판 사례들의 원인은 목격자의 범인 오인 지목, 허위 자백, 법과학 증거 분석의 문제 및 부적절한 법정 증언, 경찰 및 검찰의 직권 남용, 부적절한 변호인에 의한 것으로 알려져 있다. 오판을 방지하기 위한 연구들이 진행됐으며 형사사법절차의 개선을 위한 노력들이 시작되었다. 목격자의 범인 지목 절차에 대한 권고 사항이 제시되었으며 몇 개의 주(州)에서는 허위 자백을 줄이기 위해 경찰의 신문에 대한 비디오 녹화가 의무화 되었다. 미국국립과학회에서 법과학 증거에 대한 신뢰성과 타당성을 높이기 위한 방안을 제시한 보고서가 출간 되었다. 미국의 오판 사례들을 통해 한국의 형사사법제도에서도 개선되거나 보완되어야 할 부분들에 대해 논의하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There have been 268 post-conviction DNA exonerations in the United States since 1989. The leading causes of wrongful convictions are eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, and invalidated or improper forensic science. Recommendations for eyewitness identification procedure for law enforcement officers were provided to reduce misidentification and video recording of interrogations became mandatory in some states to minimize the number of false confessions. The National Academy of Science of the U.S. published a comprehensive recommendation in order to strengthening forensic science evidence in the criminal justice system. Based on wrongful conviction cases in the United States, discussions on systematic defects and some recommendations to prevent wrongful convictions in Korea were discussed.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 〔국문요약〕
• I. 서론
• II. 미국의 오판 사례
• III. 오판을 줄이기 위한 노력
• IV. 형사정책적 시사점
• 〔참고문헌〕
• 〔ABSTRACT〕

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