범해 각안의 행적과 저술에 대한 불교사적 조명 = Historical Illumination of Beomhae Gakan’s Activities and Writings in Buddhist Contexts

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Beomhae Gakan was active at Daeheungsa Monastery in Haenam during the 19th century. As a Buddhist monk, he played a bridging role in connecting the traditions of Seon meditation, scriptural lectures, precepts, and tea ceremonies to modern times. In 1921, his disciples collected his poems and writings, edited them into the Collection of Seon Master Beomhae’s Poetry and the Collection of Seon Master Beomhae’s Writings, and combined them into the Seon Master Beomhae‘s Posthumous Works. In addition, his writings include the Dongsayeoljun (東師列傳), which features biographies of 196 monks and two lay Buddhists. He also published Historical Sites of Eunjuksa and Jinbulamji, which remain preserved today.
This paper examines Gakan's activities and writings, highlighting their historical significance within Korean Buddhism. It is divided into two main components: his primary achievements and his literary works.
The first component addresses three areas: the transmission of Buddhist teachings (佛法傳承), the practice of seeking truth through pilgrimage (雲水行脚), and exchanges between Confucianism and Buddhism (儒 佛交流). The second focuses on his collections of poetry and prose, and the Dongsayeoljun. These works—Collection of Seon Master Beomhae’s Poetry, Collection of Seon Master Beomhae’s Writings, and Dongsayeoljun—reflect everyday aspects of Buddhist life such as scholarly study (講學), seated meditation (坐禪), Buddha invocation (念佛), tea drinking (飮茶), and Moyeon—the practice of seeking donations and building virtuous relationships. These texts are analyzed in relation to the motivations and meanings relevant to their historical context.
Gakan continued the tradition of Seon meditation as well as the lecture-based teachings of Hoeui Shio (縞依始悟), and the precepts and tea practices of Choeui Euisun (草衣意恂). He taught his disciples as a Seon master at Bukam (北庵) and Manilam (挽日庵) at Daeheungsa, and served as an instructor at Jinbulam (眞佛庵) and Sangwonam (上院庵).
He also presided over the Buddhist Ordination Ceremony, becoming a precepts master and instructing monks in ethical conduct.
His poems and writings reveal his literary sensibilities and his role as a tea practitioner, inspired by the process of brewing and blending tea.
Moreover, his compilation of Dongsayeoljun and his records of historical sites established him as a Buddhist historian. Therefore, Beomhae Gakan can be regarded as an intellectual of broad spectrum—simultaneously a historian, a literary figure, and a master of Seon meditation, scriptural lectures, religious precepts, and the tea tradition.