피톤치드 처리 후의 잔존 구강 세균이 Pr. intermedia에 미치는 영향 = Effect of Maintained Microorganisms against to The Phytoncide on Pr. intermedia

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study was performed to observe the effect of phytoncide on oral normal microflora and the inhibitory effect of the surviving resident oral bacteria on Pr. intermedia. In this study, saliva from each of 20 healthy subjects was treated with 1% phytoncide from Japanese Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.). Surviving salivary bacteria were isolated on blood agar plates and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. In order to select inhibitory isolates against Pr. intermedia, the isolates from the phytoncide-treated saliva were cultured with Pr. intermedia. The results were as follows: 1. Among the 200 surviving resident oral bacterium, 148(74.0%) bacterium inhibit the growth of Pr. intermedia on blood agar plates. 2. The 200 surviving resident oral bacterium were 109 Streptococcus salivarius(54.5%), 25 Streptococcus sanguinis(12.5%), 15 Streptococcus mitis(7.5%). 3. Among the 148 bacteria which inhibit Pr. intermedia, Streptococcus salivarius was 85.3%(93/109), Streptococcus sanguinis was 64.0%.(16/25), Streptococcus mitis was 54.3%(8/15), Streptococcus parasanguinis was 66.7%(6/9), and Streptococcus Alactolyticus was 100%(8/8). Taken together, among the surviving resident oral bacterium, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis were mainly observed to inhibit Pr. intermedia. and they may exert an additional inhibitory activity against the periodontopathic bacterium. Therefore, phytoncide can be used for preventing and ceasing the progress of periodontal disease and halitosis, and thus is expect to promote oral health.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박재봉, "피톤치드의 입냄새 제거효과" 대한안면통증∙구강내과학회 32 (32): 151-156, 2007

2 강하영, "피톤치드의 비밀" 역사넷 15-20, 2003

3 정성희, "피톤치드 처리 후 구강 내 잔존 S. thermophilus의 P. gingivalis에 대한 효과" 대한안면통증∙구강내과학회 34 (34): 23-37, 2009

4 이종한, "피부감염모낭충에 대한 피톤시드의 역할" 중앙대학교 2005

5 강하영, "침엽수 침엽 정유의 방향성 이용적성" 49 : 177-185, 1994

6 강하영, "침엽수 수엽 정유의 항균성에 관한 연구" 13 : 71-77, 1993

7 김수성, "침술후 발생한 Pervotella intermedia/ nigrescens에 의한 종격동염" 33 : 440-444, 2000

8 강하영, "수목 추출 성분의 생화학적 역할" 22 : 5-11, 1994

9 谷田員光克, "바이오아스 變換計劃硏究報告" 24-36, 1990

10 김각균, "구강질환에 대한 타액의 면역기능" 38-41, 1995

11 高橋信孝, "生理活性天然物化學, 第2版" 東京大學出版會 99-116, 1981

12 Gocho S, "he factors affecting antibacterial action of FDA vapor" 19 : 389-393, 1991

13 Facklam R, "What happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes" 15 : 613-630, 2002

14 Danser MM, "Tongue coating and tongue brushing: a literature review" 1 : 151-158, 2003

15 Haagen-Smit AJ, "The essencial oils. vol.1" Van Nostrand company Inc 77-83, 1960

16 Rudman P, "The causes of natural durability in timber(9), the antifungal activity of heartwood extractives in wood substrate" 16 : 74-77, 1962

17 Rudman P, "The causes of natural durability in timber(11), some tests on fungi toxisity of wood extractives and related compounds" 17 : 54-57, 1963

18 Ruby J, "The buccale puzzle: The symbiotic nature of endogenous infections of the oral cavity" 13 : 34-41, 2002

19 Boutaga K, "The additional value of real-time PCR in the quantitative detection of periodontal pathogens" 33 : 427-433, 2006

20 Schoenknecht FD, "Susceptibility tests: special tests. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 4th" American Society for Microbiolgy 1000-1008, 1985

21 Van Hoogmoed CG, "Reduction of periodontal pathogens adhesion by antagonistic strains" 23 (23): 43-48, 2008

22 Guan SM, "Prevotella intermedia induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in human periodontal ligament cells" 283 (283): 47-53, 2008

23 Papapanou PN, "Population studies of microbial ecology in periodontal health and disease" 7 : 54-61, 2002

24 Ashimoto A, "Polymerase chain reaction detection of 8 putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque of gingivitis and advanced periodontitis lesions" 11 : 266-273, 1996

25 Wink M, "Plant breeding, importance of plant secondary metabolites for protection against pathogens and herbivores" 75 : 225-233, 1988

26 Li Q, "Phytoncides (wood essential oils) induce human natural killer cell activity" 28 : 319-333, 2006

27 신금백, "Peroxidase System 제제를 이용한 구강건조증의 치료" 55-58, 1995

28 김선규, "P. gingivalis에 대한 피톤치드의 항균효과" 대한안면통증∙구강내과학회 32 (32): 137-150, 2007

29 Socransky SS, "Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque" 25 : 134-144, 1988

30 Nakano Y, "Methyl mercaptan production by periodontal bacteria" 52 (52): 217-220, 2002

31 Saavedra JM, "Long-term consumption of infant formulas containing live probiotic bacteria: tolerance and safety" 79 : 261-267, 2004

32 Cox SD, "Interactions between components of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia" 88 : 170-175, 2000

33 Berkiten M, "In vitro study of the penetration of Streptococcus sanguis and Prevotella intermedia strains into human dentinal tubules" 26 (26): 236-239, 2000

34 Lis-Balchin M, "Essential oils and aromatherapy: their modern role in healing" 117 : 324-329, 1977

35 Rosan B, "Dental plaque formation" 2 : 1599-1607, 2000

36 Darout IA, "Correlations between bacterial levels in autologous subgingival plaque and saliva of adult Sudanese" 6 (6): 210-216, 2002

37 Welsh C, "Complementary therapies in hospice care: touch with oils-a pertinent part of holistic care" 14 (14): 42-44, 1997

38 Ali RW, "Comparison of the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy and diseased adults in northern Cameroon" 24 (24): 830-835, 1997

39 Boutaga K, "Comparison of subgingival bacterial sampling with oral lavage for detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens by real-time polymerase chain reaction" 78 : 79-86, 2007

40 Morikawa M, "Comparative analysis of putative periodontopathic bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction" 43 (43): 268-274, 2008

41 Lévesque C, "Coaggregation of Streptococcus salivarius with periodontopathogens: evidence for involvement of fimbriae in the interaction with Prevotella intermedia" 18 (18): 333-337, 2003

42 Cha JD, "Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Artemisia scoparia and A. capillaris" 71 : 186-190, 2005

43 Cha JD, "Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia lavandulaefolia" 71 : 575-577, 2005

44 Alviano WS, "Antimicrobial activity of Croton cajucara Benth linalool-rich essential oil on artificial biofilms and planktonic microorganisms" 20 : 101-105, 2005

45 Chung JY, "Anticariogenic activity of macelignan isolated from Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) against Streptococcus mutans" 13 : 261-266, 2006

46 Gocho S, "Antibacterial action of aroma compounds in vapor state" 19 : 329-334, 1991

47 Rice EL, "Allelopathy. 2nd ed." Acamedic Press Inc 79-110, 1984

48 Patrick ZA, "Allelopathy mechanism and their exploitation for biological control" 8 : 225-228, 1986

49 Muller CH, "Allelopathy as a factor in ecological process" 18 : 348-357, 1969

50 Lovett JV, "Allelopathy Chemical communication and plant defense" 15 : 1193-1202, 1989

51 Whittaker RH, "Allelochemics, chemical interactions between species" 171 : 757-770, 1971

52 Takarada K, "A comparison of the antibacterial efficacies of essential oils against oral pathogens" 19 : 61-64, 2004