Social Support and Delinquent Attitudes = Testing the Effects of Illegitimate versus Legitimate Sources of Social Support on the Delinquent Attitudes of Inner-City Black Male Juveniles

국문 초록 (Abstract)

남자 청소년들이 형사사법시스템에 과도한 비율로 넘나드는 상황을 고려했을 때 어떻게 이 집단의 비행태도를 누그러뜨리고 올바른 사회성을 기르도록 할 것인가에 대한 문제는 꾸준히 고심해야 할 사항이다. 본 연구는 Cullen (1994) 이 제시한 사회후원의 청소년 비행태도에 대한 역할을 이론적 기반으로 하여 가정, 주위의 정상적인 어른들과 친구들, 그리고 불량스런 친구들로부터의 사회적 후원이 문제가 많은 도심지역에 거주하는 95명의 흑인 남자청소년들의 비행태도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.
경로분석의 결과에 의하면 기대했던 대로 정상적인 친구와 어른들의 사회적 후원은 비행태도를 누그러뜨리는 역할을 하고 비행집단 가입은 비행태도를 높이는 역할을 하였다. 그러나 청소년들에 대한 가정에서의 후원은 비행태도에 직접적인 영향을 주기보다는 정상적인 사회관계를 북돋우고 비행집단 가입을 저지함으로써 결국 간접적으로 비행태도를 낮추는 역할을 하였다. 데이터의 한계로 말미암아 교육과 종교 등 공식적인 형태의 사회후원 체계의 역할은 경로분석의 틀로 완벽하게 분석할 수 없었으나 상관관계라는 제한된 분석의 결과는 교회출석과 부모의 교육이수가 청소년들로 하여금 비행집단 가입 등 불법적인 형태의 사회후원과 범죄 속으로 빠져드는 것을 막는 역할을 한다는 것을 보여주었다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 정책대안에 대해 논하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Given the vast over-representation of young males in the criminal justice system, how to intervene with this group to extinguish criminal attitudes and support prosocial attitudes remains an open question. This study examines the role of social support, proposed by Cullen (1994), in the formation of conventional or delinquent attitudes - specifically, the role of social support from family, conventional adults and peers, and non-conventional peers on the delinquent attitudes of ninety-five black adolescents and young adults in an urban area of concentrated disadvantage.
Path analysis showed that, as expected, social support from conventional peers and adults was associated with lower delinquent attitudes and gang membership was associated with higher levels of delinquent attitudes. However, the effect of family support was not directly associated with lower delinquent attitudes, but did indirectly affect delinquent attitudes through a positive association with prosocial support from others and through a negative relationship with gang involvement. Formal sources of social support could not be fully modeled, given the limitations of the data, but limited analysis indicated that education and religiosity might help insulate minority males from gravitating toward illegitimate sources of social support and criminality. Policy implications are discussed.

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