사유화와 러시아(1991-1999) 국가 하부구조권력의 쇠퇴: 중국(1984-1992)과의 대비 = A Comparative Analysis of Property Rights Reform and State Capacity in Russia(1991-1999)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

공산 국가의 두 제도적 특징은 국가소유에 기반을 둔 계획경제와 당-국가이다. 따라서 탈공산화 과정에서 당-국가로부터 경제사회 및 시민사회 등 다양한 사회 영역이 분화된다. 이러한 과정에서 탈공산 엘리트는 국가의 공적 기능을 약화시켜 국가의 전략적 자원을 자신에게로 이전하고자 한다. 서유럽 국가건설 과정에서 국가엘리트가 사회로부터 자원을 추출하기 위해 국가제도를 강화시키는 것과는 사뭇 반대되는 양상이다. 이러한 엘리트의 국가약화 전략은 다양한 이행전략에 의해 촉진 혹은 저지될 수 있다. 그 중 하나가 바로 탈공산국가의 재산권 재확립 전략이다. 급격한 사유화 정책은 탈공산 엘리트의 국가약화 전략을 강화시켜 국가 하부구조권력의 약화로 귀결된다. 이와 달리 부분적 재산권 재확립 정책은 국가엘리트의 국가약탈 이해를 약화시켜 시장이행과정에서 하부구조권력의 하락을 막을 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Party-states and state-owned planned economies characterized the communist states. Because of these institutional roots, economic, political, and civil societies had to be institutionally differentiated from the party-state in the post-communist transition. In this process, state elites had a strong incentive to weaken state institutions in order to facilitate the transfer of state-owned properties into their private riches. Their strategy to weaken the state was quite in contrast to that of state elites in Western European state-building. Various transition strategies affected post-communist state elites who wished to loot the state. One of them was property rights reform of state-owned properties. A complete privatization encouraged and helped state elites to extract resources from the state and harm its capacity. In particular, it was observed that a rapid downfall of state capacity was attributable to a complete privatization carried out under an imperfect democracy. On the other hand, a partial property rights reform discouraged state elites to prey on the state and helped the state to maintain its administrative capacity throughout the transitional period.

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