반려동물을 상실한 반려인의 표현적 글쓰기 분석 : 애도 경험을 중심으로 = Analysis of Experience Writing by Bereaved Companion Animal Owners

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 반려동물을 상실한 반려인의 애도 경험을 표현적 글쓰기의 회기별 변화 속에서 탐색하고, 그 본질적 의미와 구조를 심층 적으로 이해하는데 있다. 이를 위해 반려동물을 상실한 지 6개월 이상∼ 3년 미만인 만 18세 이상 성인 반려인 12명을 대상으로, 1일 20분, 4일간 총 4회기의 표현적 글쓰기 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 Colaizzi(1978)의 현상학적 분석방법을 적용하여 질적으 로 분석하였으며, 애도 경험의 정서적, 인지적 변화의 흐름과 언어적 특 징을 확인하기 위해 텍스트 마이닝을 활용하여 시각화하였다. 연구 결과, 총 461개의 의미단위, 55개의 하위 개념, 12개의 범주가 도 출되었으며 이들을 모아 공통된 내용을 정리하여, ‘상실의 충격과 혼란’, ‘상실의 비애와 고립’, ‘상실의 적응과 수용’, ‘상실의 재구성과 회복’의 총 4개의 주제를 도출하였다. 텍스트 마이닝 분석에서는 1회기에는 ‘눈물’, ‘이별’, ‘마음’, 2회기에는 ‘가족’, ‘사랑’, ‘마음’, 3회기에는 ‘마음’, ‘눈물’, ‘시간’, 4회기에는 ‘마음’, ‘의미’, ‘존재’ 등의 단어가 높은 빈도로 나타났 다. 모든 회기에서 ‘생각’이 가장 많은 빈도로 나타났으며 회기가 진행될 수록, 부정적 감정어의 빈도는 점차 낮아지고 긍정적 감정어의 표현은 증가하여 균형을 이루는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이를 통해, 반려동물을 상실 한 반려인들의 애도 경험은 표현적 글쓰기의 내용 속에서 애도가 단순한 슬픔의 소멸이 아닌, 상실을 받아들이고 의미를 새롭게 구성해 가는 경 험임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 반려동물 상실을 경험한 반려인들의 애도 경험의 본질적 의미와 구조를 심층적으로 탐색함으로써, 반려인들의 애도에 대한 지각 과 표현 및 상실 후의 정서적 회복과 성장을 확인하였다는 점에서 의의 가 있다. 향후 반려인의 애도를 다루는 상담자의 적절한 개입과 반려인 들의 애도를 위한 다양한 지원 프로그램의 개발에 기초자료로 활용될 것 으로 기대된다. 또한, 반려동물 상실로 인한 애도의 사회문화적 인정과 지지의 필요성을 뒷받침하는 근거자료로 제공될 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to explore and the grief experiences of companion animal owners following pet loss through session-by-session changes in expressive writing, and to gain an in-depth understanding of their essential meanings and structural characteristics. To this end, expressive writing data were collected from twelve adult companion animal owners aged 18 years or older who had experienced pet loss between six months and three years prior to participation. The expressive writing was conducted for 20 minutes per day over four consecutive days, resulting in a total of four writing sessions. The collected data were qualitatively analyzed using Colaizzi’s(1978) phenomenological method. In addition, text mining techniques were employed to visualize emotional and cognitive changes and linguistic patterns observed across writing sessions. The analysis yielded 461 meaning units, 55 sub-concepts, and 12 categories, which were integrated into four overarching themes:‘shock and confusion following loss’, ‘bereavement and isolation’, ‘adaptation and acceptance of loss’, and ‘reconstruction and recovery’. Text mining analysis revealed that in Session 1, words such as ‘tears’, ‘farewell’, and ‘heart’ appeared with high frequency; in Session 2, ‘family’, ‘love’, and ‘heart’, in Session 3, ‘heart’, ‘tears’, and ‘time’ and in Session 4, ‘heart’, ‘meaning’, and ‘existence’. Across all sessions, ‘thought’ was the most frequently occurring word. As the sessions progressed, the frequency of negative emotional words gradually decreased, while the expression of positive emotional words increased, ultimately reaching a state of balance. These findings indicate that the grief experiences of bereaved companion animal owners, as reflected in expressive writing, are not characterized by the disappearance of sorrow but rather by a process of accepting loss and reconstructing meaning. This study is significant in that it provides an in-depth exploration of the essential meanings and structural characteristics of grief experiences among companion animal owners following pet loss, thereby illuminating their perceptions and experiences of grief as well as their emotional recovery and growth after loss. The findings are expected to serve as foundational data for the development of appropriate counseling interventions and support programs for bereaved companion animal owners. Furthermore, this study offers empirical support for the need for greater sociocultural recognition and support of grief related to companion animal loss.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 ···············································································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ············································································1
• 2. 연구문제 ······································································································8
• 3. 용어의 정의 ································································································9
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ································································································11
• 1. 반려동물 ····································································································11
• 가. 인간과 동물의 관계 ········································································11
• 나. 반려동물과의 애착과 유대감 ························································12
• 2. 상실과 애도 ····························································································15
• 가. 상실의 의미와 경험 ········································································15
• 나. 애도의 의미와 경험 ········································································17
• 다. 애도의 모델 ······················································································18
• 3. 반려동물 상실과 애도 ············································································26
• 가. 반려동물 상실과 애도 ······································································26
• 나. 반려동물 상실과 애도의 특징 ······················································29
• 4. 표현적 글쓰기 ··························································································33
• 5. 현상학적 연구 ··························································································36
• 가. 현상학적 연구의 개념 ····································································36
• 나. 현상학적 연구의 방법 ····································································37
• 다. Colaizzi의 현상학적 연구 ······························································38
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 ······································································································40
• 1. 예비연구 ····································································································40
• 2. 본 연구 ······································································································51
• 3. 자료분석 ····································································································68
• 가. 자료의 현상학적 질적분석 과정 ····················································68
• 나. 텍스트 마이닝 ··················································································71
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 ······································································································78
• 1. 표현적 글쓰기의 내용분석 ····································································78
• 2. 표현적 글쓰기의 텍스트 마이닝 ··························································94
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 제언 ····························································································103
• 1. 반려동물 상실의 애도 경험 ································································104
• 2. 텍스트 마이닝에 나타난 애도 경험 ··················································116
• 참고문헌 ·······································································································126
• 부록 ···············································································································156
• 부록 1. 설문안내 및 동의서 ································································157
• 부록 2. 인구통계학적 질문 ··································································159
• 부록 3. 표현적 글쓰기 지침 ································································161
• 부록 4. 표현적 글쓰기 자기평가 ························································165
• Abstract ·······································································································167