치유의 숲 네트워크와 이용행태 변화에 대한 시계열적 분석 = Time Series Analysis of the Healing Forest Network and Changes in Usage Behavior

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Rapid urbanization, industrialization, westernized lifestyles, and advances in medical technology in modern societies have led to improvements in the standard of living of the people, but have also resulted in an increasing number of individuals suffering from physical and mental pain. At the same time, declining fertility rates and the entry into an aging society have increased healthcare costs and social demands for well-being, and the utilization of various natural environment-based resources, including forests, has gained attention as a solution. In particular, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in interest in health and well-being, with self-isolation and social distancing leading to changes in people's lifestyles. As a result, the demand for nature-friendly spaces has increased, and forest spaces, including healing forests, have gained attention as an alternative to promote physical and mental health.
The purpose of this study is to explore the changes in visits to healing forests before and after COVID-19 and to identify visitors' interests, thereby providing basic data that can contribute to the establishment of future programs and marketing strategies for using healing forests.
Therefore, we aimed to identify and compare the changes in the perception and use of healing forests over time, starting from before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.
To achieve this goal, we used text mining analysis techniques to identify changes in visitor behavior and perceptions over time, divided into three periods: pre-COVID-19 (T), COVID-19 pandemic (T1), and post-COVID-19 (T2). The analysis methods included TF and TF-IDF analysis, CONCOR analysis, QAP correlation analysis, and Sentiment analysis.
The findings of the study are as follows. First, the use of the Healing Forest shifted toward individual and minority-oriented visits during the COVID-19 outbreak. While the top search terms were not significantly different across time periods, the rankings for COVID-19-related keywords, individuals, and reservations increased after the outbreak, confirming a shift in the types of visits to healing forests in response to the COVID-19 outbreak toward individual and small group visits. Second, visits to healing forests are becoming more connected to local tourism and leisure resources. In T1 and T2, the post-COVID-19 periods, keywords with associated tourism resources, such as “Cafe” and “Arboretum,” emerged as new frequent keywords, and ranked higher over time. When comparing the results of CONCOR analysis by time period, we found that although there were differences in the keywords included in T and T1, similar themes such as “Healing forests and Natural recreation forests,” “Programs and Facilities,” “Visitation and Usage behavior,” and “Camping” were identified, indicating no significant change in usage behavior. However, in T2, a new group appeared that included the keywords “Sightseeing” and “Hiking,” indicating a difference. Third, emotional experiences and active usage behaviors related to nature were emphasized. The sentiment analysis showed that positive experiences such as 'Good', 'Healing', and 'Enjoyment' were mainly expressed by visitors to the healing forest. Negative keywords included “Stressed” and “Exhausted,” but in light of the original text, we believe this reflects the fact that visitors came to the healing forest to relieve the stress and fatigue they experienced in their daily lives. Fourth, we found that the healing forest usage behavior that changed during the COVID-19 pandemic did not revert to the same pattern as before the outbreak. The QAP correlation analysis results showed that there was a high correlation between T1 and T2 after the outbreak of COVID-19, and it was statistically confirmed that usage behavior did not regress to previous levels even though social distancing was eased in T2 and an environment similar to before COVID-19 was created.
The significance of these results is as follows. First, it is significant in that it identified the usage behavior of healing forests based on user’s experiences and perceptions. Currently, research on healing forests is limited to identifying the effects of healing forests and facilities, and there are few studies on usage behavior. This study differs from the existing studies in that it examined the usage behavior of healing forests in a time series based on the COVID-19 event. Second, it is significant in that it identifies factors that can be linked to the perception of the healing forest as a place that has the potential to function and expand as a tourist destination. After the COVID-19 pandemic, we found that the usage behavior did not regress in a similar pattern as before the outbreak of COVID-19, and we identified 'Sightseeing' and 'Mountain walking' as the main factors that changed the usage behavior. In this regard, it is meaningful in that it provides a basis for identifying newly emerged major factors of visitation to healing forests, which can contribute to the establishment of domestic healing forest program delivery and marketing strategies.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현대사회의 급격히 진행된 도시화, 산업화, 서구화된 생활습관 및 의료기술의 발달 등은 국민 생활수준의 향상을 가져왔으나, 개인에 대해서는 신체적 · 정신적 고통을 호소하는 사람들이 증가하는 결과를 초래했다. 동시에, 출산율 감소와 고령사회로의 진입은 의료비용 증가와 웰빙 추구에 대한 사회적 요구를 증대시켰으며, 이에 대한 방안으로서 산림을 비롯한 다양한 자연환경 기반의 활용이 주목받게 되었다. 특히, 코로나19 팬데믹의 발생은 자가격리와 사회적 거리두기는 사람들의 생활 양식의 변화를 초래하며 건강과 웰빙에 대한 관심을 급증시켰다. 이에 따라 자연친화적 공간에 대한 수요가 증가하였으며, 특히 치유의 숲을 포함한 산림 공간이 신체적 · 정신적 건강 증진의 대안으로 주목받게 되었다.
본 연구는 코로나19 전후 증가한 치유의 숲 방문의 변화를 탐색하고 탐방객의 관심사를 파악하여 봄으로써, 향후 치유의 숲 이용의 프로그램 제공 및 마케팅 전략 수립에 기여할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하는 것에 목적이 있다. 따라서, 코로나19 발생 전후를 기점으로 시기별 흐름에 따른 치유의 숲 인식 및 이용행태 변화를 파악하고 비교 분석하고자 하였다.
이를 달성하기 위해 텍스트마이닝 분석 기법을 활용하여 코로나19 발생 전(T), 코로나19 팬데믹(T1), 코로나19 엔데믹(T2)와 같은 세 가지 시기로 구분하여 시계열적으로 시기별 탐방객의 이용행태 및 인식 간의 변화를 파악하였다. 분석 방법으로는 TF 및 TF-IDF 분석, CONCOR 분석, QAP 상관분석, 감성분석을 실시하였다.
연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 코로나19 발생에 따라 개인 · 소수 중심의 방문으로 치유의 숲 이용이 변화하였다. 시기별 주요 빈출 단어의 경우 상위 빈출 단어는 크게 차이가 없었으나, 코로나19가 발생 이후부터 코로나19 관련 키워드 및 개인, 예약에 관한 순위가 상승하는 것으로 나타나 코로나19 발생에 따라 개인 · 소수 중심의 방문으로 치유의 숲 방문 유형이 변화함을 확인하였다. 둘째, 치유의 숲 방문이 지역 관광 및 여가 자원과 연계되는 경향이 강화되었다. 코로나19 발생 이후인 T1과 T2 시기에는 ‘카페’, ‘수목원’ 등 연계 관광자원을 포함한 키워드가 새롭게 빈출 키워드로 등장했으며, 시간이 지남에 따라 순위가 더 높아진 것으로 나타났다. CONCOR 분석 결과를 시기별로 비교하였을 때, T와 T1 시기에는 포함된 키워드에 차이는 있으나, ‘치유의 숲 및 자연휴양림’, ‘프로그램 및 시설’, ‘방문 및 이용 행태’, ‘캠핑’ 등 유사한 주제가 도출되어 이용행태의 큰 변화는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 T2 시기에는 ‘관광’과 ‘산행’ 키워드를 포함하는 새로운 그룹이 나타나면서 차이가 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 자연과 연계된 감성적 경험과 활동적 이용행태가 강조되었다. 감성분석 결과, 치유의 숲 방문객들에게서 ‘좋다’, ‘힐링하다’, ‘즐기다’와 같은 긍정적인 경험이 주로 나타났다. 부정적 키워드로는 ‘스트레스’, ‘지치다’ 등이 언급되었지만, 원문을 미루어보았을 때 이는 방문객들이 치유의 숲을 일상에서 경험했던 스트레스와 피로 해소를 목적으로 찾았다는 것을 반영하는 결과로 확인하였다. 넷째, 코로나19 팬데믹을 통해 변화한 치유의 숲 이용행태는 코로나19 발생 이전과 동일한 양상으로 회귀하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. QAP 상관분석 결과, 코로나19 발생 이후 T1과 T2 시기의 상관성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, T2 시기에 사회적 거리두기가 완화되어 코로나19 이전과 유사한 환경이 조성되었음에도 이용행태가 이전으로 회귀하지 않는 것을 통계적으로 확인하였다.
이상의 결과들이 가지는 의의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이용자의 경험과 인식에 기반하여 치유의 숲 이용행태를 파악하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 현재 관련 연구는 치유의 숲의 효과 규명 및 시설과 관련된 부분에 대한 연구만 진행되고 있어 이용 행태에 관한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 코로나19라는 사건을 기반으로 시계열적으로 치유의 숲의 이용 행태를 살펴보았다는 점에서 기존 연구와 차별성을 가진다. 둘째, 치유의 숲을 관광지로서의 기능 및 확장 가능성을 보유한 장소로서 인지하고 연계가능한 요인을 도출함에 의의가 있다. 코로나19 엔데믹 이후 코로나19 발생 이전과는 비슷한 양상으로 이용행태가 회귀하지 않는 결과를 확인하였으며, 이용행태의 주요 변화 요인으로 ‘관광’과 ‘산행’을 도출하였다. 이러한 측면에서, 치유의 숲 이용에 있어 새롭게 등장한 주요 방문 요인을 확인하여 국내 치유의 숲 프로그램 제공 및 마케팅 전략 수립에 기여할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공한 점에서 의미가 있다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ······························································································· 1
• 1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ······················································································ 1
• 가. 연구 배경 및 필요성 ·············································································· 1
• 나. 연구 목적 ································································································· 4
• 2. 연구 문제 및 가설 ························································································ 5
• 3. 연구 내용 및 구성 ························································································ 6
• 4. 연구 용어 정의 ······························································································ 8
• Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰
• 1. 코로나19와 자연환경 기반 관광 ······························································· 10
• 2. 치유의 숲 ······································································································ 12
• 가. 치유의 숲 개념 ····················································································· 12
• 나. 치유의 숲 관련 선행연구 고찰 ·························································· 17
• 3. 텍스트마이닝 ································································································ 20
• 가. 텍스트마이닝 분석 개념 ······································································ 20
• 나. 텍스트마이닝 분석을 활용한 산림 분야 선행연구 고찰 ················ 22
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 ··················································································· 25
• 1. 연구 절차 ······································································································ 25
• 2. 데이터 수집 ·································································································· 26
• 3. 데이터 분석 방법 ························································································ 33
• 가. 데이터 정제 · 형태소 분석 ································································· 33
• 나. 텍스트마이닝 분석 ··············································································· 36
• 다. 의미연결망 분석 ··················································································· 38
• 라. QAP 상관분석 ······················································································ 41
• 마. 감성분석 ································································································· 42
• 4. 기존 연구와의 차별성 ················································································· 43
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 및 고찰 ···································································· 44
• 1. ‘치유의 숲’ 키워드 데이터 수집 및 정제 · 형태소 분석 결과 ············ 44
• 2. ‘치유의 숲’ 키워드 텍스트마이닝 분석 결과 ·········································· 45
• 3. ‘치유의 숲’ 키워드 의미연결망 분석 결과 ·············································· 50
• 4. ‘치유의 숲’ 키워드 QAP 상관분석 결과 ················································· 54
• 5. ‘치유의 숲’ 키워드 감성분석 결과 ··························································· 56
• Ⅴ. 결론 ····························································································· 62
• 1. 연구 요약 및 시사점 ··················································································· 62
• 2. 연구의 한계점 ······························································································ 67