니케아 공회의의 역사적 배경 = The Historical Background of the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea was convened at the city of Nicaea, in Roman province Bithynia, a country of Asia, lying between the Propontis and Black Sea by Constantine the Great, the first christian emperor at the Roman World, in 325. The principal objective of the famous council was to discuss and settle on a firm basis, the true christian doctrine, and some dogmas. But some issues of the doctrine and discipline remain unsolved.
Constantine gave his voice for disputed affairs. He was the most influential man because he gave the church tolerance. In fact he had valid reasons for doing so. By dealing with the council of Nicaea, this article takes a look at these reasons.
The background of the council of Nicaea can be divided into political and religious background. 'Edict of Milan' is the most definitive event in political one while 'Donatus' and 'Arius' are the most important figures in religion.
Constantine stood on a friendly attitude toward christians like his father, due to the result that many of them supported on him. He took advantage of them for himself. He tested Christ in the battle of Milvian bridge. The battle ended in a victory for him. From this time Constantine decidedly favored the church, without persecuting or forbidding the pagan religions.
He exempted the christian clergy from military and municipal duty, abolished various customs and ordinances offensive to the christians, facilitated the emancipation of christian slaves, legalized bequests to churches, and enjoined the civil observance of Sunday. His policies were interpreted as a favor to christians who had suffered in persecution. They thought he was Christ's present.
In an edict of 313 Constantine the Great guaranteed the churches of Africa his protection. The churches of Africa wanted to cure their schism because they regarded him as Christ's representative. He failed to solve this schism completely, but he gained some fruits.
After his victory over Licinius, Constantine found his new provinces seriously argued by religious controversy. Controversy started by Arius was getting worse. Constantine wanted to solve the dispute because he desired the consensus of churches. Eventually he convoked a council.
Constantine considered himself a Pontifex Maximus of Christianity, 'Bishop in matters external'. Hence, he recognized that it was his task to settle disputes about christian dogmas. As a result he laid the foundation of Caeasarpapism.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 = 1
• Ⅱ. 정치적 배경 = 7
• 1. 밀라노 칙령 = 9
• 2. 그리스도의 대리자 = 18
• Ⅲ. 종교적 배경 = 25
• 1. 도나투스파 문제 = 27
• 2. 아리우스 논쟁 = 32
• Ⅳ. 결 론 = 42