강벌주의 입법과 형사정책 경향에 대한 연구 = A study on the Tendency of Legislation and Criminal Policies Regarding Punitivism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The prevailing tendency in today's society as a whole, is to ultimately resort to criminal punishment. There has been a public opinion that severe punishment should be imposed on the offender whenever an antisocial incident occurs, and criminal policy conscious of that pubic opinion has been directed toward imposing severe punishment on the offender. However, there are many criticisms on whether such violent punishment theory actually contributes to the re-socialization of criminals and the safety of society. Considering that criminal punishment has an attribute of harm and is also the most powerful means that the state can impose on individuals, it is self-evident that it must conform to the principle of proportionality. It is also necessary to look back on whether the criminal policy has been successful in an effective sense.
Crime must be deterred, and it cannot be denied that one of the purposes of punishment is to retaliate against the perpetrator, and that there is a recovery of harm that can be achieved through this. The effect of Threats(menace) given by the severe punishment is also self-evident. However, the criminal punishment should be commensurate with the responsibility of the offender and should not proceed towards a totalitarian criminal law that loses human dignity. The history of mankind, regardless of East and West, has already experienced totalitarian criminal law, and in the midst of it, the substantive truth has been ignored and many innocent people have been executed. Since the right of punishment, which can infringe on a person's life, body, or property, is a very serious power, it must be strictly controlled by the principle of the rule of law and must not be used in a direction contrary to important basic principles such as the principle of responsibility and the principle of proportionality.
Punitivism is viewed as a tendency that emerged based on hostile criminal law thinking and to strengthen the sense of security based on exaggerated and distorted facts. Judging from a traditional punishment theory standpoint, the aforementioned punitive legislation and criminal policies are against human dignity, the principle of responsibility and proportionality, and run the risk of moving toward totalitarian criminal law. The extension of punishment and the strengthening of punishment may only have the effect of relieving the immediate legal sentiment, rather than being the fundamental solution in terms of social prevention. In the end, there is a high possibility that it will merely end up as ‘Threats(menace) for Threats’, even if we look at the cases of other countries. Therefore, punishment should not be determined based on vague criteria such as public opinion or legal sentiment. Moreover, criminal legislation should be implemented through a detailed review in line with the teleological aspects of general prevention and special prevention that conform to the principle of thorough accountability and proportionality.
In this paper, we will examine the trend of punitivism widely spreading in recent criminal policies and the corresponding punishment theory.

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