Implementing good governance principles in the national sport association /federations in the Maldives

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Governance is the way organizations are held accountable. It is how rules are regulated, norms and actions are designed and sustained. Good governance is about the processes for making and implementing decisions. Sport organizations are required to become more professional and adopt better governing approach to their operations to serve the objectives of the organization.
This paper aims to examine the governance structure in the national sport association/ federations of the Maldives. Four principles, Transparency, Democracy, Accountability and control, and Societal Responsibility were selected among many good governance principles that are identified by other academicians.
This paper aims to measure the governance practice related to good governance. The purpose was to find out the issues related to good governance, identify the positive and negative aspects and find solutions for the negative aspects. Find out how good governance principles can be implemented.
A survey was conducted in order to verify the hypothesis that was formed. The survey results were then analyzed using SPSS to find the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable. Interviews were done with experts from the sport industry in the Maldives to study the situation better.
The study is significant to the national sport associations and federations in the Maldives because outcome of the study will help future implementation of good governance principles in those organizations. It can be used as a guideline and indicator to measure the good governance implementation. The recommendation and positive feedback can contribute to the improvement of governance implementations.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

거버넌스는 조직에 책임을 부가하는 방식이다. 즉, 규칙이 규제되는 방식 및 규범과 행동이 고안되고 유지되는 방법을 의미한다. 올바른 거버넌스는 의사 결정을 내리고 구현하는 과정을 말한다. 스포츠 조직은 그들의 목표를 달성하기 위해 더 전문적이어야 하며 운영에 대하여 보다 나은 통치 접근 방식을 채택해야 한다.
본 연구는 몰디브 스포츠 조직의 거버넌스 구조를 조사하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이에 선행 연구를 기반으로 확인된 훌륭한 거버넌스 원리 중에서 투명성, 민주주의, 책임 및 통제, 사회적 책임이라는 네 가지 요소가 선정되었다. 또한 본 연구는 훌륭한 거버넌스와 관련된 거버넌스 요소를 측정하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위하여 훌륭한 거버넌스와 관련된 문제를 탐색하여 스포츠 조직의 긍정적이고 부정적인 측면을 파악하고, 부정적인 측면에 대한 해결책을 찾아 훌륭한 거버넌스 원리를 구현하는 방법을 조사하고자 한다.
연구문제를 검증하기 위하여 SPSS를 이용하여 독립변수와 종속변수 사이의 관계를 탐색하였고, 몰디브 스포츠 조직의 현재 상황 개선을 위하여 몰디브 스포츠 전문가들의 인터뷰를 실시하였다.
본 연구는 몰디브 국가 스포츠 조직 및 연맹 해당 조직에서 더 나은 관리 원칙을 구현하는 데 도움이 될 것이라는 점에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 또한 본 연구는 훌륭한 스포츠 조직을 창조하는 측정지침 및 지표로 사용할 수 있을 것이며 긍정적 피드백을 통해 거버넌스 개선에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 보여 진다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Chapter 1. Introduction 1
• 1.1. Background 1
• 1.2. Republic of Maldives, Geography, History of Sports 3
• 1.3. Sports Governance Structure in Maldives 7
• 1.4. Sports participation pattern in the Maldives 14
• 1.5. Purpose of Study 16
• 1.6. Significance of study 16
• 1.7. Problem statement 18
• 1.8. Research Questions 18
• Chapter 2. Literature Review 20
• 2.1. Definitions 20
• 2.2. International Models to assess governance in sport organizations 23
• 2.2.1. Henry and Lee (2004) 24
• 2.2.2. International Olympic Committee - Basic universal principles of good 26
• 2.2.3. Basic Indicators for Better Governance in International Sport (BIBGIS) 27
• 2.2.4. Sport governance observer survey 28
• 2.3. Rationality of Good governance principles 29
• 2.3.1. Transparency 29
• 2.3.2. Societal responsibility 30
• 2.3.3. Democracy 32
• 2.3.4. Accountability and Control 32
• 2.4. Assumptions 32
• 2.5. Aims of Governance 33
• Chapter 3. Methodology 35
• 3.1. Research Design and Research Approach 35
• 3.2. Sampling Method 36
• 3.3. Population 37
• 3.4. Sample Size 37
• 3.5. Data Collection Instrument Used 38
• 3.5.1. Quantitative Approach 39
• 3.5.2. Qualitative Approach 43
• 3.6. Data Collection Procedure 48
• 3.6.1. Quantitative Data Collection 48
• 3.6.2. Qualitative Data Collection 49
• 3.7. Reliability and Validity 50
• 3.7.1. Reliability 51
• 3.7.2. Validity 52
• 3.8. Pre-testing the questionnaire 53
• 3.9. Ethical Considerations 54
• 3.9.1. Obtain Consent 55
• 3.9.2. Protect from harm 55
• 3.9.3. Ensure privacy 56
• 3.10. Data Analysis – Statistical Tools Used 57
• 3.11. Limitations of study 57
• 3.12. Assumptions 59
• Chapter 4. Analysis and Results 62
• 4.1. Quantitative Analysis and Result 64
• 4.1.1. Response rate of survey 64
• 4.1.2. Demographic characteristics of the Respondents 65
• 4.1.3. Reliability Analysis 72
• 4.1.4. Correlation Analysis 75
• 4.1.5. Independent sample T-Test Analysis 78
• 4.1.6. Mean differences 85
• 4.2. Qualitative Analysis and Result 86
• Chapter 5. Discussion 93
• 5.1. Current level of good governance 94
• 5.2. Level of implementation of good governance 96
• 5.3. Extent to which good governance is needed 98
• 5.4. Actions to be taken 100
• 5.5. Limitation of the findings 101
• 5.6. Areas for further research 102
• Chapter 6. Conclusion 104
• References 106
• Appendix 113
• Appendix 1. online Survey Questionnaire (Sample) 113
• Appendix 2: Participant Consent Form 123
• Appendix 3. Interview Questionnaire 124
• 초 록 126