A Study on Vulnerability of Local Neighborhood Stores through the Concept of Resilience : Focusing on Online Shopping

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the vulnerability and resilience of Seoul's neighborhoods by analyzing the recent commercial resilience of social changes such as online shopping. Commercial resilience was defined as 'the ability to absorb the impact of online shopping and adapt to change', and the demographic and commercial characteristics that affect the use of online shopping were analyzed. Thereafter, the factors affecting commercial resilience have been integrally analyzed. According to this study, regional differences exist in online shopping practices, and regional population, social characteristics, and physical and commercial characteristics have a combined effect. In addition, the analysis showed that the retail ratio of neighboring commercial districts negatively affects commercial resilience. Finally, it was confirmed that population density, land use diversity, and income, which are closely related to the revitalization of the commercial district, have no influence on the resilience to the impact of online shopping, or rather have the opposite result. Today's online shopping causes a great crisis for the neighborhood, and the neighborhood needs to be fundamentally reinvented to survive. According to the results of this study, the conversion of neighborhood centers into food and service industries is irreplaceable for online shopping. Neighborhood centers provide leisure, social cohesion, and resilience to the local community. The future of these neighborhoods depends on appropriate urban planning and urban design issues.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이동엽 ; 성현곤, "제인 제이콥스의 경계공백지대가 소매업 매출에 미치는 영향" 서울연구원 21 (21): 167-183, 2020

2 이광훈, "온라인 쇼핑 채널별 이용자 특성에 대한 비교 분석" 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 18 (18): 1-17, 2018

3 이강배, "온라인 거래의 증가가 지역 소매 상권에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구" 한국은행 25 (25): 54-95, 2019

4 정은애 ; 성현곤, "온라인 거래액과 주요 소매업종 유형별 매출액의 영향관계 분석 - 백화점, 대형마트, 전문소매점 월별 매출액을 중심으로 -" 대한국토·도시계획학회 51 (51): 55-71, 2016

5 성은영 ; 최창규, "소득 및 물리적 입지특성이 소매업 매출에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구-서울시 외식업, 수퍼마켓, 휴대폰 판매점을 중심으로-" 한국부동산분석학회 23 (23): 77-91, 2017

6 하정원 ; 이수기, "서울시 근린지역 상업 매출 감소와 회복탄력성 영향 요인 분석 : COVID-19 영향을 중심으로" 대한국토·도시계획학회 56 (56): 165-181, 2021

7 김현철 ; 이승일, "서울시 골목상권 매출액에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구" 서울연구원 20 (20): 117-134, 2019

8 정은애 ; 성현곤 ; 노정현, "공간자기상관성을 고려한 의류 소매업 매출액 영향요인분석" 대한국토·도시계획학회 50 (50): 215-231, 2015

9 Barata-Salgueiro, T., "Urban Retail Systems: Vulnerability, Resilience and Sustainability. Introduction to the Special Issue" 13 (13): 13639-, 2021

10 Fernandes, J. R., "Urban Policies, Planning and Retail Resilience" 36 : 170-177, 2014

11 Holling, C. S., "Understanding the Complexity of Economic, Ecological, and Social Systems" 4 (4): 390-405, 2001

12 Rotem-Mindali, O., "Transport Effects of E-commerce : What Can Be Learned after Years of Research?" 40 : 867-885, 2013

13 Fuchs, C., "The Role of Income Inequality in a Multivariate Cross-national Analysis of the Digital Divide" 27 (27): 41-58, 2009

14 Guimarães, P. P. C., "The Resilience of Shopping Centres : An Analysis of Retail Resilience Strategies in Lisbon, Portugal" 26 (26): 160-172, 2018

15 Weltevreden, J. W., "The Implications of E-shopping for in-Store Shopping at Various Shopping Locations in the Netherlands" 36 (36): 279-299, 2009

16 Xi, G., "The Impacts of Same Day Delivery Online Shㄴopping on Local Store Shopping in Nanjing, China" 136 : 35-47, 2020

17 Ren, F., "The Impact of Geographic Context on E-shopping Behavior" 36 (36): 262-278, 2009

18 Song, Z., "The Geography of Online Shopping in China and Its Key Drivers" 49 (49): 259-274, 2022

19 Carmona, M., "The Existential Crisis of Traditional Shopping Streets : The Sun Model and the Place Attraction Paradigm" 27 (27): 1-35, 2022

20 Clarke, G., "The Emerging Geography of E-commerce in British Retailing" 2 (2): 371-391, 2015

21 Mokhtarian, P. L., "Telecommunications and Travel : The Case for Complementarity" 6 (6): 43-57, 2002

22 Weltevreden, J. W., "Substitution or Complementarity? How the Internet Changes City Centre Shopping" 14 (14): 192-207, 2007

23 Sevtsuk, A., "Street Commerce: Creating Vibrant Urban Sidewalks" University of Pennsylvania Press 2020

24 Kang, C. D., "Spatial Access to Pedestrians and Retail Sales in Seoul, Korea" 57 : 110-120, 2016

25 Guimarães, P. P. C., "Shopping Centres in Decline : Analysis of Demalling in Lisbon" 87 : 21-29, 2019

26 Parker, B., "Second-hand Spaces : Restructuring Retail Geographies in an Era of E-commerce" 34 (34): 1096-1118, 2013

27 Barata-Salgueiro, T., "Retail Planning and Urban Resilience" 36 : 107-111, 2014

28 Brown, S., "Retail Location at the Micro-scale : Inventory and Prospect" 14 (14): 542-576, 1994

29 Brown, S., "Retail Location Theory : Evolution and Evaluation" 3 (3): 185-229, 1993

30 Rao, F., "Resilient Forms of Shopping Centers Amid the Rise of Online Retailing: Towards the Urban Experience" 11 (11): 3999-, 2019

31 Wrigley, N., "Resilience, Fragility, and Adaptation : New Evidence on the Performance of UK High Streets during Global Economic Crisis and Its Policy Implications" 43 (43): 2337-2363, 2011

32 Holling, C. S., "Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems" 4 (4): 1-23, 1973

33 Walker, B., "Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World" Island Press 2012

34 Folke, C., "Resilience : The Emergence of a Perspective for Social–ecological Systems Analyses" 16 (16): 253-267, 2006

35 Martin, R., "Regional Economic Resilience, Hysteresis and Recessionary Shocks" 12 (12): 1-32, 2012

36 Rousseau, M., "Re-imaging the City Centre for the Middle Classes : Regeneration, Gentrification and Symbolic Policies in ‘Loser Cities’" 33 (33): 770-788, 2009

37 Reigadinha, T., "Portuguese Food Retailers–Exploring Three Classic Theories of Retail Location" 34 : 102-116, 2017

38 Sandercock, L., "Pleasure, Politics, and the"Public Interest" : Melbourne's Riverscape Revitalization" 68 (68): 151-164, 2002

39 Rao, F., "Planning for Retail Resilience : Comparing Edmonton and Portland" 58 : 97-106, 2016

40 Gunderson, L. H., "Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems" Island Press 2002

41 Zukin, S., "Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places" Oxford University Press 2009

42 Singleton, A. D., "Measuring the Spatial Vulnerability of Retail Centres to Online Consumption through a Framework of E-resilience" 69 : 5-18, 2016

43 Kim, H. B., "Location Theory: Spatial Structure and Facility Location" Kimoondang 2011

44 Montgomery, D. C., "Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis" John Wiley & Sons 2021

45 Hillier, B., "Intelligent Environments" 295-344, 1997

46 Ballantyne, P., "Integrating the Who, What, and Where of US Retail Center Geographies" 113 (113): 488-510, 2022

47 Crocco, F., "Individual Attitudes and Shopping Mode Characteristics Affecting the Use of E-shopping and Related Travel" 14 (14): 45-56, 2013

48 Sung, E. Y., "Impact of Disposable Income and Built Environment Factor on Retail Business Sales" Hanyang University 2018

49 Wrigley, N., "High Street Performance and Evolution: A Brief Guide to the Evidence" University of Southampton 2014

50 Cao, X., "Geographic Distribution of E-shopping : Application of Structural Equation Models in the Twin Cities of Minnesota" 2383 (2383): 18-26, 2013

51 Kickert, C., "Fight, Flight, or Adapt–the Future of Our Commercial Streets" 27 (27): 55-58, 2022

52 Cubukcu, K. M., "Factors Affecting Shopping Trip Generation Rates in Metropolitan Areas" 9 : 51-68, 2001

53 Dolega, L., "Exploring the Geography of Retail Success and Decline : A Case Study of the Liverpool City Region" 96 : 102456-, 2020

54 Weltevreden, J. W., "Evolving High Streets: Resilience & Reinvention" University of Southampton 32-35, 2014

55 Sung, H. G., "Estimating the Spatial Impact of Neighboring Physical Environments on Retail Sales" 123 : 103579-, 2022

56 Kang, C. D., "Effect of Neighborhood Income and Consumption on Retail Viability : Evidence from Seoul, Korea" 94 : 102060-, 2019

57 Farag, S., "E-shopping in the Netherlands : Does Geography Matter?" 33 (33): 59-74, 2006

58 Pettersson, F., "E-commerce and Urban Planning–comparing Knowledge Claims in Research and Planning Practice" 6 (6): 1-21, 2018

59 Calderwood, E., "Consumer Mobility in the Scottish Isles : The Impact of Internet Adoption upon Retail Travel Patterns" 59 : 192-203, 2014

60 Forman, C., "Competition between Local and Electronic Markets : How the Benefit of Buying Online Depends on Where You Live" 55 (55): 47-57, 2009

61 Berry, B. J., "Commercial Structure and Commercial Bright:Retail Patterns and Process in the City of Chicago" University of Chicago. Dept. of Geography 1963

62 Longley, P. A., "Classification through Consultation : Public Views of the Geography of the E-society" 23 (23): 737-763, 2009

63 Song, Z., "China’s Prefectural Digital Divide : Spatial Analysis and Multivariate Determinants of ICT Diffusion" 52 : 102072-, 2020

64 Lee, H. B., "Change of Retail Centrality and Strategic Location of Large Retail Stores in Seoul" 58 : 97-124, 2012

65 Kim, D. H., "Assessing Social and Spatial Equity of Neighborhood Retail and Service Access in Seoul, South Korea" 12 (12): 8537-, 2020

66 Choi, M. J., "An Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Pedestrian Volume on Retail Sales" 36 (36): 75-83, 2001

67 Bhat, C. R., "An Analysis of the Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Non-maintenance Shopping Activities" 37 (37): 857-881, 2003

68 Kim, J. G., "A Research on Urban Resilience for Urban Regeneration" LHI Institute 2016

69 National Information Society Agency, "2020 Survey on the Internet Usage" 2020