FDI정책효과와 기술파급효과가 기업 기술혁신성과에 미치는 영향

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

International political and economic patterns have been changing rapidly around the world over the past few years due to the coronavirus pandemic. China is steadily developing the use of foreign capital, but it is still under great pressure. China is rushing to implement a negative list of foreign investment entry (restricted list) and the Foreign Investment Act. On December 27, 2021 and October 28, 2022, the latest version of the Foreign Investment Entry Negative List (Limited List) and the Foreign Investment Encouragement Industry List were published to further ease restrictions on the foreign investment sector and realize zero foreign investment entry as soon as possible. At the same time, foreign direct investment (FDI) also brings about technology spillovers. The spillover effect of technology, also known as technological externalities, has always been a subject of attention. It enables companies to generate significant returns with less input or even without investing.
Innovation is an important engine for promoting economic growth and is very important for national development. Currently, China's economic development has shifted from fast growth to high-quality development, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" should maintain its core position in modernization construction in China, complete a technological innovation market-oriented mechanism. The research on the effects of China's FDI policies and technology spillover on enterprise innovation serves two purposes. Firstly, it is useful for assessing the effectiveness of China's policies in attracting foreign investment, providing references and recommendations for future adjustments to foreign investment policies. Secondly, it helps enterprises to gain a better understanding of the technology spillover effects and the relationship between technology spillovers and technological innovation outcomes. This is conducive to implementing the "14th Five-Year Plan" and promoting the improvement of innovation outcomes, thus achieving high-quality growth in the Chinese economy.
This study mainly uses the data of A-share listed companies from 2002-2019 and divides the data into two phases, 2002-2011 and 2012-2019, with the adjustment of the "Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalog" in 2007 and 2015 as policy shocks, respectively, and uses the double difference method (DID) to investigate the impact of FDI policy effects on firm innovation. It also examines the effects of technology spillovers on firm innovation by analyzing inter-firm technological spillovers using firm invention patent data. The empirical results indicate significant positive effects of FDI policy and technology spillovers on overall firm innovation outcomes. The study further reveals heterogeneity in the effects of FDI policy on firm innovation outcomes across geographical regions and firm ownership dimensions. The effects of FDI policy on technological innovation outcomes are more pronounced for firms in the eastern regions, while no significant effects are observed for firms in the western regions. Additionally, FDI policy has a significantly positive impact on the technological innovation outcomes of state-owned enterprises, but shows non-significant inhibitory effects on non-state-owned enterprises. Based on these conclusions, this study puts forward relevant policy suggestions.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제Ⅰ장 서론 1
• 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
• 1.1.1 연구의 배경 1
• 1.1.2 연구의 목적 3
• 제2절 연구의 방법 및 구성 5
• 1.2.1 연구의 방법 5
• 1.2.2 연구의 구성 6
• 제Ⅱ장 이론적 배경 및 선행연구 9
• 제1절 외국인 직접투자 정책 9
• 2.1.1 외국인 직접투자 정책의 개념 9
• 2.1.2 외국인 직접투자 정책의 선행연구 10
• 제2절 기술파급효과 12
• 2.2.1 기술파급의 개념 12
• 2.2.2 기술파급의 유형 13
• 제3절 기술혁신이론 21
• 2.3.1 기술 혁신의 개념 21
• 2.3.2 기술 혁신의 경로 23
• 2.3.3 기업 기술 혁신의 영향요인에 관한 연구 25
• 제4절 FDI정책효과 및 기술파급효과가 기업혁신에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 28
• 2.4.1 FDI정책효과가 기업혁신에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 28
• 2.4.2 기술파급효과가 기업혁신에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 29
• 제Ⅲ장 중국 FDI 정책과 기업 기술 혁신 현황 33
• 제1절 중국의 외국인 투자 정책의 발전 33
• 3.1.1 초보적인 탐색 단계 33
• 3.1.2 전략 전환 단계 35
• 3.1.3 성숙 및 완성 단계 36
• 3.1.4 전방위적으로 개방의 새로운 단계 39
• 제2절 중국 외국인직접투자의 현황 40
• 3.2.1 외국인직접투자의 발전규모 40
• 3.2.2 외국인직접투자의 업종분포 43
• 3.2.3 외국인직접투자의 지역분포 45
• 제3절 중국 기업의 기술 혁신 현황 45
• 3.3.1 특허출원 및 수권 현황 45
• 3.3.2 기술 혁신 성과의 지역 현황 48
• 제Ⅳ장 연구방법 51
• 제1절 표본수집 51
• 제2절 변수설정 51
• 4.2.1 종속변수 51
• 4.2.2 독립변수 52
• 4.2.3 통제변수 55
• 제3절 연구모형 57
• 4.3.1 이중차분모형이론 57
• 4.3.2 기존모형 59
• 제Ⅴ장 실증분석결과 62
• 제1절 기술통계 분석 62
• 제2절 분석결과 63
• 5.2.1 DID실증분석 결과 63
• 5.2.2 지역간 이질성 분석결과 67
• 5.2.3 기업소유권 이질성 분석결과 69
• 5.2.4 병렬 추세 테스트(Parallel Trend Test) 71
• 5.2.5 플라시보 검사(Placebo Test) 73
• 5.2.6 기술파급효과 실증분석 결과 74
• 제Ⅵ장 결론 78
• 제1절 연구의 요약 78
• 제2절 시사점 79
• 제3절 연구의 한계점 및 향후연구 81
• 참고문헌 83
• 부 록 96
• 감사의 글 98