Language universals and second language acquisition : containing the contributions to a Conference on Language universals and second language acquisition held at the University of Southern California, February 1982

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅸ
• Introduction / William Rutherford = 1
• Why Linguists Need Language Acquirers / Bernard Comrie = 11
• 1. Introduction = 11
• 2. Relative Clause Formation = 14
• 3. Ergative and Accusative Patterns = 21
• 4. Conclusions = 27
• Notes = 28
• References = 28
• Comments on the Paper by Comrie / Josh Ard = 30
• Second Language Acquisition and the Ontology of Language Universals / Susan Gass ; Josh Ard = 33
• 1. Introduction = 33
• 2. An Overview of the Nature of Language Universals and Their Potential Influence on Adult Second Language Acquisition = 33
• 3. Test Cases = 39
• 4. Discussion = 56
• 5. Conclusion = 63
• 6. Notes = 64
• References = 65
• Comments on the Paper by Gass and Ard / Lorraine Kumpf = 69
• Reply to Kumpf s Comments / Susan Gass ; Josh Ard = 73
• Universals, Typologies, and Interlanguage / Fred R. Eckman = 79
• 1 .Introduction and Purpose = 79
• 2. The Hypothesis = 80
• 3. The Test = 86
• 4. Discussion = 97
• 5. Conclusion = 102
• Notes = 103
• References = 103
• Comments on the Paper by Eckman / Carol Lord = 106
• Universals of Discourse Structure and Second Language Acquisition / T. Giv$$\acute o$$n = 109
• 1. Introduction = 109
• 2. Topicality and Topic Continuity in Discourse = 111
• 3. Methodology and Data Base = 113
• 4. The Hawaii Korean-English Transcript = 114
• 5. The Hawaii Philippine-English Transcript = 120
• 6. The Spanish-English Transcript = 122
• 7. Discussion = 125
• Notes = 129
• References = 132
• Appendices = 134
• Comments on the Paper by Giv$$\aucte o$$n / John H. Schumann = 137
• The Language Bioprogram Hypothesis and Second Language Acquisition / Derek Bickerton = 141
• 1. What are Linguistic Universals? = 141
• 2. The Nature of the Language Bioprogram = 144
• 3. Evidence for the Bioprogram = 145
• 4. The Bioprogram and the Critical Period = 148
• 5. Primary Versus Secondary Acquisition = 151
• 6. Can the Bioprogram Influence Secondary Acquisition? = 154
• Notes = 158
• References = 160
• Comments on the Paper by Bickerton / Charles A. Ferguson = 162
• A Universal Input Condition / Jacquelyn Schachter = 167
• 1. Introduction = 167
• 2. Negative Input : Its Nature and Relevance = 168
• 3. The Availability of Negative Input = 172
• 4. Learner Response to Negative Input = 177
• 5. Conclusion = 179
• Notes = 180
• References = 181
• Uniformity and Source-Language Variation Across Developmental Continua / Helmut Zobi = 185
• 1. Introduction = 185
• 2. Targeted Change : Negation = 190
• 3. EvolutiveChangeiSubjectDeletioninFledglingSVOLanguages = 194
• 4. Optimalization Processes : The Syntax and Semantics of FOR = 204
• 5. Conclusion = 211
• Notes = 212
• References = 213
• Comments on the Paper by Zobi / Carmen Silva-Corval$$\acute a$$n = 219
• In What Ways Are Language Universals Psychologically Real? / Kenji Hakuta = 223
• 1. Introduction = 223
• 2. The Determination of the n-Dimensional Space = 224
• 3. In Search of Psychological Correspondence = 230
• 4. Implications for Second Language Acquisition Research = 233
• 5. Conclusion = 236
• References = 237
• Comments on the Paper by Hakuta / Evelyn Hatch = 239
• Reply to Hatch's Comments / Kenji Hakuta = 244
• Repertoire Universals, Markedness, and Second Language Acquisition / Charles A. Ferguson = 247
• 1. Concepts = 247
• 2. Examples = 250
• 3. Comment = 255
• Note = 256
• References = 256
• Index to References = 259
• Index to Languages = 263