The compliance of a fin affects the thrust of underwater vehicles mimicking the undulatory motion of fish. Determining the optimal compliance of a fin to maximize thrust is an important issue in designing robotic fish using a compliant fin. A simple m...
The compliance of a fin affects the thrust of underwater vehicles mimicking the undulatory motion of fish. Determining the optimal compliance of a fin to maximize thrust is an important issue in designing robotic fish using a compliant fin. A simple method is presented to identify the condition for maximizing the thrust generated by a compliant fin propulsion system in case of carangiform or thunniform swimmers. When a fin oscillates in a sinusoidal manner, it also bends in a sinusoidal manner. A particular kinematic parameter of this motion has been focused on: the phase difference between the sinusoidal motion of the driving angle and the fin-bending angle. By observing the relationship between the thrust and phase difference, it is concluded that while satisfying the zero velocity condition, the maximum thrust is obtained when a compliance creates a phase difference of approximately π/2 at a certain undulation frequency. This half-pi phase delay condition is supported by thrust measurements from different compliant fins (four caudal-shaped fins with different aspect ratios) and a beam bending model of the compliant fin.
For a compliant fin to be optimal for multiple operating frequencies, the stiffness of the fin should be actively controllable. To realize this feature, a novel variable stiffness mechanism is designed. A novel variable stiffness structure is presented, that changes its stiffness by pulling a tendon. It adopts an endoskeleton structure where rigid segments and compliant segments are alternately connected in series. The stiffness of this structure is controlled by compressing the compliant segments with an axial force. A tendon that runs through the endoskeleton and is fixed at the tip provides the axial compression force when pulled. The structure using the cylindrical isolation bearing model is analyzed. The bending stiffness of the proposed structure was simulated and compared with experimental results. The structure can be stiffened approximately fifty-times the original stiffness. This variable stiffness structure can be used to increase the efficiency of a system that uses compliance, e.g., a robotic fish that uses a compliant fin for its propulsion system. Therefore, the effect of the variable stiffness mechanism and the half-pi phase delay condition will be verified with the prototype of a robotic dolphin, which will be embedded the variable stiffness structure and several actuators. This condition can be used as a guideline to select the proper compliance of a fin when designing a robotic fish. Moreover, if this variable stiffness structure is applied to the system, the compliance of the system can be easily modified depending on an operating condition.