Handbook of religion and mental health

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS = XXI
• PREFACE = XXV
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS = XXVII
• INTRODUCTION = XXIX
• SECTION Ⅰ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• 1 REFLECTIONS ON THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY / SAMUEL B. THIELMAN
• Ancient World = 4
• Plato = 4
• The Cult of Asclepius = 5
• Medieval and Early Modem Europe = 8
• Emerging Complexities of the European View of Spirituality and Mental Disorders = 9
• Religion and Asylum Reform = 11
• Benjamin Rush = 13
• Protestant Liberals and Psychoanalysis in the United States = 16
• Reintegration of Religion into Mental Health Thinking? = 17
• References = 18
• 2 ETHICS, RELIGION, AND MENTAL HEALTH / STEPHEN G. POST
• Suffering and Dying = 22
• The Phenomenon of Hope = 23
• Spirituality and Quality of Life in Chronic Illness = 24
• Spirituality in the Lives of Caregivers = 26
• Psychiatry : Career, Profession, and Vocation = 27
• References = 28
• SECTION Ⅱ A NEW RESEARCH FRONTIER
• 3 RESEARCH ON RELIGION AND MENTAL HEALTH : AN OVERVIEW OF EMPIRICAL FINDINGS AND THEORETICAL ISSUES / JEFFREY S. LEVIN ; LINDA M. CHATTERS
• Empirical Research on Religion and Mental Health = 34
• Clinical and Epidemiologic Research = 35
• Social and Gerontological Research = 37
• Salutogenic Mechanisms for Religious Effects = 38
• Theoretical Models of Religion and Mental Health = 41
• Implications = 45
• References = 47
• 4 WHAT SOCIOLOGY CAN HELP US UNDERSTAND ABOUT RELIGION AND MENTAL HEALTH / ELLEN L. IDLER ; LINDA K. GEORGE
• The Etiology of Mental Illness : From the Origins of the Discipline = 52
• The Social Response to Mental Illness : Later Contributions of the Discipline = 54
• Methodological Contributions of Sociology to the Study of Religion and Mental Health = 59
• Measurement of the Concept of Religiousness = 59
• Devising Study Designs = 60
• References = 60
• 5 RELIGION AND PERSONALITY / ROBERT A. EMMONS
• The Goals of Personality Psychology = 65
• Levels of Personality : Three Tiers = 65
• Applying the Three Levels to the Psychology of Religion = 67
• Level Ⅰ : Dispositional Traits = 68
• Level Ⅱ : Personal Concerns = 68
• Level Ⅲ : Life Narratives = 69
• Conclusions and Recommendations = 71
• References = 72
• 6 THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY OF SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE / ANDREW B. NEWBERG ; EUGENE G. D'AQUILI
• The Neuroevolution of Spiritual Experience = 76
• Methods of Attaining Spiritual Experiences = 77
• A Neurophysiological Review = 79
• The Autonomic Nervous System = 79
• Brain Structure and Function = 81
• Tertiary Association Areas = 82
• Deafferentation = 83
• A Neurophysiological Model for the Spiritual Continuum = 84
• Proof of the Model = 89
• Conclusion : Spiritual Experience in Psychological Practice = 90
• References = 91
• 7 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN RESEARCH / MICHAEL E. McCULLOUGH ; DAVID B. LARSON
• Moving from Consciousness-Raising to Scientific Progress = 96
• To Build a Knowledge Base, Researchers Should Begin to Specialize = 97
• Lack of Specialization Leads to Bland Generalizations = 97
• The Dimensions of Specialization = 98
• Dimension 1 : Religious Involvement = 98
• Dimension 2 : Diagnostic Groups = 100
• Dimension 3 : Age Group = 102
• Dimension 4 : Gender (and Other Subject Variables) = 102
• The Role of Quantitative Reviews in the Formation of Specialties = 103
• Summary = 104
• References = 104
• SECTION Ⅲ RELIGION AND MENTAL FUNCTIONING
• 8 RELIGION AND COPING / KENNETH I. PARGAMENT ; CURTIS R. BRANT
• Self-Reported Evaluations of Religion's Effects on Outcomes = 112
• Religious Orientations and Outcomes to Negative Life Events = 114
• A Coping Framework = 116
• Religious Coping and Outcomes to Negative Life Events = 117
• What Forms of Religious Coping Are Helpful, Harmful, or Irrelevant? = 119
• Helpful Forms of Religious Coping = 119
• Harmful Forms of Religious Coping = 119
• Forms of Religious Coping with Mixed Implications = 120
• Positive and Negative Patterns of Religious Coping = 121
• Is Religious Coping More Helpful to Some People Than to Others? = 123
• Is Religion More helpful in Some Situations Than Others? = 123
• What Is So Special About Religion? = 124
• Conclusions and Implications for Mental Health Professionals = 125
• References = 126
• 9 RELIGION AND DEPRESSION / GARY J. KENNEDY
• Religious Involvement among Older Americans = 130
• Theoretical Models for the Relationship between Religiousness and Health = 130
• Mental Health = 131
• Physical Disability and Health = 131
• Religious Preference as a Proxy for Response Bias or Health-Seeking Behavior = 132
• Religious Preference, Depression, and Alcohol Abuse／Dependence = 133
• Religious Preference as a Proxy for Trauma or Social Support = 133
• The Norwood Aging Study = 134
• Measures = 135
• Distribution by Religious Preference = 135
• Demographics, Health, and Disability = 136
• Religious Preference and Practice = 136
• Baseline Characteristics Explaining the Variance in Depression = 137
• Emergence, Persistence, and Remission of Depression 24 Months after Baseline = 138
• Depression among Jewish Respondents = 139
• Conclusions = 140
• Future Avenues of Research = 141
• References = 142
• 10 RELIGION AND ANXIETY : WHICH ANXIETY? WHICH RELIGION? / JAMES A. THORSON
• Anxiety Defined = 147
• Religion and Anxiety = 148
• Death Anxiety and Religion = 149
• People Are Different, and Some People Are Really Different = 150
• Which Anxiety? Which Religion? = 151
• Religion and Death Anxiety in Different Culture = 151
• Conclusion = 158
• References = 159
• 11 RELIGION AND PSYCHOSES / WILLIAM P. WILSON
• Religious Belief, Experience, and Practice = 161
• The Psychoses = 162
• Religious Nurturance in the Childhood of Schizophrenics = 163
• Religious Nurturance in Childhood in Major Affective Disorders = 163
• Religious Nurturance in Childhood in Delirium and Dementia = 164
• Effect of Religion on Psychopathology in Schizophrenia = 164
• Effect of Religion on Psychopathology in Major Affective Disorders = 168
• Effect of Religion on Psychopathology in Delirium and Dementia = 171
• Comment = 172
• References = 172
• 12 SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS FACTORS IN SUBSTANCE USE, DEPENDENCE, AND RECOVERY / JENNIFER BOOTH ; JOHN E. MARTIN
• Overview and Current Status of the Field = 175
• General Religiousness : Personal Factors = 176
• Adolescents and College Students = 176
• Adults = 178
• Inpatients and Outpatients = 179
• Religious Affiliation Factors = 180
• Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Substance Use = 182
• Paradoxical Alcohol Use = 182
• Substance Abuse Prevention. Religious Affiliation／Involvement = 183
• Causal Models for the Religiousness-Substance Use Relationship = 184
• Substance Dependence Recovery = 185
• Nonreligious Spiritual Interventions = 186
• Do 12-Step Program Need to Incorporate Spiritual／Religious factors? = 189
• "Religious Spirituality" A Necessary or Sufficient Condition in Recovery? = 191
• Secular Alternatives to Spiritual／Religious Intervention = 192
• Matching : One Approach to End This Debate? = 193
• Conclusions and Future Directions = 194
• References = 196
• SECTION Ⅳ RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES ON MENTAL HEALTH
• 13 RELIGION AND MENTAL HEALTH FROM THE PROTESTANT PERSPECTIVE / H. NEWTON MALONY
• Diversity among Protestants = 203
• How Shall "Mental Health" Be Conceived? = 205
• The Effect of the Differences on Treatment = 207
• References = 209
• 14 RELIGION AND MENTAL HEALTH FROM THE CATHOLIC PERSPECTIVE / NANCY CLARE KEHOE
• Review of Literature = 212
• Education and Religious Formation = 214
• The Roman Catholic Experience before the Second Vatican Council = 214
• The Roman Catholic Experience after the Second Vatican Council = 217
• Family and Ethnic Context = 218
• Clinical Implications = 219
• Treatment Modality = 219
• Authority Figures, Church Teaching, and Individual Responsibility = 219
• Fantasies and Sins = 220
• Religious Messages and Language = 220
• Countertransference Issues = 221
• Consultation and Referrals = 222
• Conclusion = 222
• References = 223
• 15 RELIGION AND MENTAL HEALTH FROM THE MORMON PERSPECTIVE / SALLY H. BARLOW ; ALLEN E. BERGIN
• The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints = 225
• Doctrine, Culture, and Health Status = 227
• Minority Psychology and Cultural Conflict = 231
• Focus on the Family = 231
• The Social System = 232
• Human Development Anchored in the Spiritual Dimension = 233
• The Special Issues of Women and Unmarried Members = 233
• Particular Psychopathologies Possibly Influenced by Mormon Culture = 234
• Predicting Resistance in the Mormon Client = 238
• Leaving the Fold = 240
• Summary = 240
• References = 241
• 16 RELIGION AND MENTAL HEALTH FROM THE UNITY PERSPECTIVE / GLENN R. MOSLEY
• Treating Patients with a Unity Background = 245
• Medication and Treatment(s) in the Context of Beliefs = 246
• Evolution of Medical Terms in the Unity Student's Thinking = 247
• A Fundamental Unity Belief = 247
• Physical Exercise, Nutrition, Breathing Exercises, and Prayer and Meditation = 248
• The Need to Treat the Whole Person : Spirit, Mind, Body = 248
• The Desire for and Practice of Prayer and Meditation = 251
• References = 252
• 17 RELIGION AND MENTAL HEALTH FROM THE JEWISH PERSPECTIVE / MICHAEL R. ZEDEK
• God, Torah, Israel = 255
• Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform Jews = 257
• Judaism in Historical Perspective = 258
• The Jewish People in Modem Times = 259
• Issues in the Psychiatric Treatment of Jews = 260
• References = 261
• 18 TREATING BUDDHIST PATIENTS / BRUCE W. SCOTTON
• Basic Tenets of Buddhist Belief = 263
• Resulting Worldview and Psychology = 264
• Psychological and Behavioral Tendencies of the Buddhist Patient = 265
• Examining and Treating the Two Main Groups of American Buddhists = 268
• The Asian American Buddhist = 268
• The American Convert to Buddhism = 269
• Summary and Conclusion = 269
• References = 270
• 19 UNDERSTANDING AND TREATING HINDU PATIENTS / NALINI V. JUTHANI
• Introduction to Hinduism = 272
• Basic Components = 273
• Common Practices of Hindu Followers = 275
• Clinical Evaluation and Treatment of Hindu Patients = 276
• Issues in Evaluating and Diagnosing Hindu Patients = 277
• References = 278
• 20 RELIGION AND MENTAL HEALTH FROM THE MUSLIM PERSPECTIVE / SYED ARSHAD HUSAIN
• Historical Background of Islam = 279
• The Meaning of Islam = 281
• Qur'an = 282
• The Five Pillars of Islam = 283
• Concept of Righteousness = 283
• The Concept of Equality = 284
• Concept of Wellness and Illness = 285
• Prophetic Medicine = 287
• The Role of Prayer in Healing = 287
• The Concept of Mental Illness = 288
• Spiritual Therapies = 288
• Medical Ethics = 288
• The Family = 288
• Profile of a Muslim Patient = 289
• Points to Consider When Evaluating a Muslim Patient = 289
• Conclusion = 289
• References = 290
• 21 RELIGION AND CULTURE IN PSYCHIATRY : CHRISTIAN AND SECULAR PSYCHIATRIC THEORY AND PRACTICE IN THE UNITED STATES / ATWOOD D. GAINES
• La Difference : Distinguishing the Once- and the Twice-Born = 292
• Christian Psychiatrists = 292
• Self Identity : "Alive in Christ" = 293
• Experience = 293
• Knowledge and Belief = 294
• Authority in the Psychiatries = 295
• (Secular) Psychiatrists = 296
• Religion and Identity = 297
• Difference and Action : Help-Seeking and Clinical Reality = 298
• Help-Seeking = 299
• Clinical Reality = 300
• Boundaries and Transgressions : Religion, Person and Psychiatry's Self, Person and Other = 302
• Selves and Persons in the West = 302
• Clinical Praxis of Christian Psychiatrists' Person, Practice, and Interaction = 305
• (Re)thinking Divorce and Homosexuality = 306
• Clinical Action in the Name of the Spirit = 307
• Spiritual History = 307
• Conversion = 309
• Prayer with and Prayer for = 309
• Prayer Observed = 309
• Practice and Cynicism = 310
• Summary and Conclusions = 311
• Editor's Comment = 315
• References = 316
• SECTION Ⅴ CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
• 22 RELIGION AND PSYCHOTHERAPY / HAROLD G. KOENIG AND JOHN PRITCHETT
• Spiritual Needs of Psychiatric Patients = 324
• Conducting a Religious／Spiritual Assessment = 326
• Why Address Religion in Psychotherapy? = 327
• Who Should Handle Religious Issues in Psychotherapy? = 328
• Religious Interventions in Psychotherapy = 329
• Guidelines for Praying with Patients = 331
• Transference and Countertransference issues = 333
• Conclusions = 334
• References = 335
• 23 THE ROLE OF NON PARISH CLERGY IN THE MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEM / LARRY VANDECREEK, DAVID CARL, ; DUANE PARKER
• Clergy as Chaplains in Psychiatric Inpatient Facilities = 338
• Spiritual Assessments = 338
• Responses to and Uses of Religious Psychological Material = 339
• Interactions with Clinical Staff Members = 341
• Liaisons with the Communities of Faith = 341
• Clergy as Pastoral Counselors = 342
• Clergy as Mental Health Brokers = 343
• The Literature Search = 344
• The Interview Component. Clergy = 344
• The Interview Component. Mental Health Professionals = 345
• Future Directions and Priorities = 346
• References = 347
• 24 MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS WORKING WITH RELIGIOUS LEADERS / ANDREW J. WEAVER
• The Importance of Faith = 349
• Clergy as Front-Line Mental Health Workers = 350
• What Are the Barriers to Collaboration? = 350
• Clergy, Religion, and Mental Health Research = 351
• Clergy Need Training in Clinical Evaluation and Referral Skills = 352
• How Can These Helping Professions Increase Their Linkage? = 353
• Clergy Response to Depression and Suicide = 353
• Pastoral Care, Depression, and Suicide among the Elderly = 354
• Family Violence and Pastoral Counseling = 355
• Elder Abuse = 356
• Psychological Trauma = 357
• Four Groups That Need Special Attention = 357
• Ethnic Minorities = 357
• Rural Americans = 358
• Adolescents = 358
• Women = 359
• Conclusions and Summary = 359
• References = 360
• SECTION Ⅵ EDUCATION OF MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
• 25 INTEGRATING RELIGION INTO THE EDUCATION OF MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS / ELIZABETH S. BOWMAN
• Literature Review = 367
• Who Should Be Taught? = 368
• What Should Be Taught? = 369
• Foundational or Essential Material = 370
• Important Material = 371
• Helpful Material = 372
• When Should Religion／Spirituality Be Taught? = 374
• How Can Religion/Spirituality Be Taught? : Teaching Methods = 375
• Courses and Seminars = 375
• Case Conferences = 376
• Grand Rounds = 376
• Clinical Supervision = 376
• Other Methods = 376
• Dealing with Resistances to Curricular Integration = 377
• Future Directions : Rising Interest and Diversity = 377
• References = 377
• 26 RELIGION AND ACADEMIA IN MENTAL HEALTH / DANG. BLAZER
• Empirical Approach = 380
• Humanistic Approach = 381
• Postmodern Approach = 382
• Pragmatic Approach = 384
• Biological Mechanistic Approach = 385
• Life Cycle Approach = 386
• Conclusion = 388
• References = 388
• SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
• Text = 391
• References = 393
• INDEX = 395