감기 임상시험 가이드라인 제정을 위한 최신 임상시험 연구 분석 = Analysis of Recent Clinical Studies to Establish Korean Herbal Medicine Clinical Trial Guidelines for the Common Cold

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to help develop a guideline for the common cold. We searched recent clinical studies of the common cold in Western medicine and reviewed their objectives, inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary outcome, secondary outcome, and assessment tools to establish evidenced-based guideline.Methods: We searched electronic databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE) to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the common cold for the last 10 years. We included 29 RCTs and showed their research summary via their objectives, participants, interventions, control, treatment duration, and results. We also analyzed the definition of the common cold presented in the article, inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary and secondary outcomes, and assessment tools.Results: We reported the aforementioned areas in detail. At first, the definition of the common cold was confused across the articles. Second, herbal medication clinical trials for the common cold have been extensively studied recently. Third, the eligibility criteria frequently included the Jackson Symptom score. Fourth, validated assessment tools (i.e., the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21) have only been used in a few recent studies.Conclusions: Our research will be helpful to establish Korean herbal medicine clinical trial guidelines for the common cold.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 양수영, "감기 임상연구의 동향 및 평가도구에 관한 연구" 대한한의학회 29 (29): 165-181, 2008

2 Pach D, "Visiting a sauna: does inhaling hot dry air reduce common cold symptoms? A randomised controlled trial" 193 (193): 730-734, 2010

3 Barrett B, "Validation of a short form Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21)" 7 : 76-, 2009

4 Eisenberg DM, "Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey" 280 (280): 1569-1575, 1998

5 Fashner J, "Treatment of the common cold in children and adults" 86 (86): 153-159, 2012

6 Chang J, "Treatment of common cold patients with the shi-cha capsule: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial" 2012 : 254571-, 2012

7 Jackson GG, "Transmission of the common cold to volunteers under controlled conditions. I. The common cold as a clinical entity" 101 (101): 267-278, 1958

8 Kurugöl Z, "The prophylactic and therapeutic effectiveness of zinc sulphate on common cold in children" 95 (95): 1175-1181, 2006

9 Eccles R, "The nasal decongestant effect of xylometazoline in the common cold" 5 : 491-496, 2008

10 Heikkinen T, "The common cold" 361 (361): 51-, 2003

11 Vitetta L, "The clinical efficacy of a bovine lactoferrin/whey protein Ig-rich fraction (Lf/IgF)for the common cold: a double blind randomized study" 21 (21): 164-171, 2013

12 Picon PD, "Symptomatic treatment of the common cold with a fixed-dose combination of paracetamol, chlorphenamine and phenylephrine: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial" 13 : 556-, 2013

13 Jawad M, "Safety and Efficacy Profile of Echinacea purpurea to Prevent Common Cold Episodes:A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial" 2012 : 841315-, 2012

14 Yang SY, "Reliability and validity of Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey, Korean version" 21 (21): 313-318, 2011

15 Gagnier JJ, "Recommendations for reporting randomized controlled trials of herbal interventions:Explanation and elaboration" 59 (59): 1134-1149, 2006

16 Rerksuppaphol S, "Randomized controlled trial of probiotics to reduce common cold in schoolchildren" 54 (54): 682-687, 2012

17 Fahey T, "Quantitative systematic review of randomised controlled trials comparing antibiotic with placebo for acute cough in adults" 316 : 906-910, 1998

18 de Vrese M, "Probiotic bacteria reduced duration and severity but not the incidence of common cold episodes in a double blind, randomized, controlled trial" 24 (24): 6670-6674, 2006

19 Rakel D, "Perception of empathy in the therapeutic encounter: effects on the common cold" 85 (85): 390-397, 2011

20 Okabayashi S, "Non-superiority of Kakkonto, a Japanese herbal medicine, to a representative multiple cold medicine with respect to anti-aggravation effects on the common cold:a randomized controlled trial" 53 (53): 949-956, 2014

21 Fazekas T, "Lessons learned from a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study with a iota-carrageenan nasal spray as medical device in children with acute symptoms of common cold" 12 : 147-, 2012

22 Obasi CN, "Item reduction of the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-21) leads to the WURSS-11" 23 (23): 1293-1298, 2014

23 Eby GA, "Ineffectiveness of zinc gluconate nasal spray and zinc orotate lozenges in common-cold treatment: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial" 12 (12): 34-38, 2006

24 Schütz K, "Immune-modulating efficacy of a polyphenol-rich beverage on symptoms associated with the common cold: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multi-centric clinical study" 104 (104): 1156-1164, 2010

25 Jiao Y, "Guidelines on common cold for traditional Chinese medicine based on pattern differentiation" 33 (33): 417-422, 2013

26 Turner RB, "Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of the common cold" 78 (78): 531-539, 1997

27 Wilson A, "Efficacy of a single evening dose of syrup containing paracetamol, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, doxylamine succinate and ephedrine sulfate in subjects with multiple common cold symptoms" 45 (45): 230-236, 2007

28 Lizogub VG, "Efficacy of a pelargonium sidoides preparation in patients with the common cold: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial" 3 (3): 573-584, 2007

29 Ludwig M, "Efficacy of a carrageenan nasal spray in patients with common cold: a randomized controlled trial" 14 : 124-, 2013

30 Eccles R, "Efficacy and safety of an antiviral Iota-Carrageenan nasal spray: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled exploratory study in volunteers with early symptoms of the common cold" 11 : 108-, 2010

31 Yakoot M, "Efficacy and safety of a multiherbal formula with vitamin C and zinc (Immumax) in the management of the common cold" 4 : 45-51, 2011

32 Hull D, "Effects of creating a non-specific, virus-hostile environment in the nasopharynx on symptoms and duration of common cold" 27 (27): 73-77, 2007

33 Byun JS, "Effects of So-cheong-ryong-tang and Yeon-gyo-pae-dok-san on the common cold:randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial" 133 (133): 642-646, 2011

34 Kurugöl Z, "Effect of zinc sulfate on common cold in children: randomized, double blind study" 49 : 842-847, 2007

35 Sasazuki S, "Effect of vitamin C on common cold: randomized controlled trial" 60 (60): 9-17, 2006

36 Barrett B, "Echinacea for treating the common cold: a randomized trial" 153 (153): 769-777, 2010

37 Prasad AS, "Duration and severity of symptoms and levels of plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, and adhesion molecules in patients with common cold treated with zinc acetate" 197 (197): 795-802, 2008

38 Benson V, "Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1995" 199 : 1-428, 1995

39 Pratter MR, "Cough and the common cold:ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" 129 (129): 72S-74S, 2006

40 Roxas M, "Colds and influenza: a review of diagnosis and conventional, botanical, and nutritional considerations" 12 : 25-48, 2007

41 Latte J, "Clinical trial of 3 days of treatment with oral pseudoephedrine for the common cold in the southern hemisphere" 21 (21): 452-455, 2007

42 Hensler S, "Autologous blood therapy for common cold--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial" 17 (17): 257-261, 2009

43 Roll S, "Attenuation of common cold symptoms by encapsulated juice powder concentrate" 2 (2): 213-, 2010

44 Jackson GG, "Acute respiratory diseases of viral etiology. VII. Present concepts of the common cold" 52 : 940-945, 1962

45 Rerksuppaphol S, "A randomized controlled trial of chelated zinc for prevention of the common cold in Thai school children" 33 (33): 145-150, 2013

46 건강보험심사평가원, "2014년 건강보험통계지표"

47 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, "(NICE 69) Prescribing of antibiotics for selflimiting respiratory tract infections in adults and children in primary care"