직업지위 획득 과정에 있어 정신장애인과 비장애인과의 비교연구 = Occupational Status Attainment : Differences between people with psychiatric disabilities and people without psychiatric disabilities

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 일반인의 지위 획득의 과정을 논리적으로 가장 잘 설명해 왔다고 평가받아온 미국 위스콘신 지위획득 이론(the Wisconsin Status Attainment Theory)을 정신 장애인에게도 동일하게 적용할 수 있는가라는 가설에서 출발하여, 정신장애가 발생한 연령대, 작업 기억력(working memory), 부모의 사회ㆍ경제적 배경과 교육이 장애인의 성인기 직업획득 과정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 조사하였다. 종단적(longitudinal) 조사로서 본 연구는 2005년 3월부터 12월까지 미국 뉴저지(New Jersey)주의 원스톱 고용안정센터(One-Stop Career Center)에서 직업을 찾기 원하는 정신 장애인 100명과 비장애인 100명을 대상으로 나이, 성별, 민족, 교육수준에 따라 매칭(matching)기법으로 이루어졌다. 연구 결과 (1) 정신 장애를 가지고 있지만 직업생활에 참여하고 있는 장애인의 직업 지위 획득과정이 비장애인의 그것과 크게 다르지 않다는 것이 입증되었고, (2) 정신장애가 발생한 연령대가 성인기의 지위획득 과정에 직접적 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 조사되었으며, (3) 정신장애인 및 비장애인 모두 작업 기억(working memory)이 직업지위 획득에 커다란 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 중증 정신장애인의 고용 문제로 부터 확대 재생산되어온 정신장애인에 대한 부정적인 사회적 인식을 일정정도 교정시켜줌과 동시에, 재활 전문가 및 연구자가 정신장애인의 직업재활에 있어서 정신질환 증상 자체보다는, 고용결과에 영향을 미치게 될 사회ㆍ경제적 배경에 좀 더 많은 관심을 기울여야 함을 보여주는 결과로 해석할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine the occupational attainment of a sample of self-identified psychiatrically disabled individuals who have been active members of the labor force for most of their adult lives. This dissertation examines a rarely studied cohort of persons with psychiatric disability, namely those that are in the labor force. Specifically, the current study tested whether the Wisconsin Status Attainment Theory predicted equally well the occupational attainment of the working ill compared to the working well. Second, this study examined whether age at first onset of psychiatric symptoms helped predict occupational attainment in the working ill population? The major findings of this study are: (a) that people with psychiatric disabilities and people without psychiatric disabilities experience the occupational attainment process in a similar way, (b) age at first onset of psychiatric symptoms is not a significant predictor of occupational attainment for the working ill. The results of the study challenge several myths, biases and prejudices with respect to persons with psychiatric disabilities. That is, the findings strongly demonstrate that a sizeable percentage of persons with significant psychiatric problems, namely those that participate actively in the workforce do not differ significantly in regards to their occupational attainment process.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 Ⅲ. 연구방법 Ⅳ. 연구결과 Ⅴ. 결론 및 논의

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