Ebola virus disease : from origin to outbreak

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Contributors = xi
• Author Biographies = xiii
• Acknowledgments = xvii
• 1. Ebola Virus : Nature's Experiment Gone Wrong
• The first global pandemic = 2
• Mankind vulnerable no more? = 3
• And then came Ebola virus pandemic = 4
• References = 6
• 2. A Personal Journey
• Arrival in Conakry, Guinea = 7
• Tour to Ebola virus disease isolation units = 11
• A visit to the villages = 17
• Time to bid farewell = 19
• Return home and the cold welcome = 20
• Final thoughts = 21
• References = 22
• 3. Ebola Virus : The Origins
• The history of Ebola virus disease outbreaks = 23
• Marburg virus disease emergence(1967-1975) = 25
• Ebola virus disease in Sudan and Zaire(1976-1977) = 25
• Ebola virus disease outbreak in nonhuman primates in Cote D'Ivoire(1994) = 29
• Ebola virus disease in Gabon(1994-1996) = 29
• Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo(1995) = 30
• Ebola virus disease in Uganda(2000-2001) = 33
• Sporadic occurrences of the Ebola virus disease = 34
• Case fatality differences between Ebola virus disease epidemics = 34
• References = 36
• 4. Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Light of Other Epidemics
• Common features of epidemics = 40
• Spanish flu epidemic(1918-1920) = 41
• Spanish flu and Ebola virus disease pandemics = 42
• Finding the culprit behind the pandemic = 43
• Development of vaccines and the quagmire of pseudovaccines = 44
• Role of general preventive strategies = 46
• Encephalitis lethargica(von Economo's encephalitis) epidemic(1915-1926) = 47
• Ebola-like hemorrhagic fevers in Mexico = 49
• The epidemic of Cocoliztli in 1576 = 50
• How Cocoliztli differed from other major diseases = 53
• Epidemics in modern times = 53
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) in Southeast Asia = 53
• "A walk through the course of the SARS epidemic" = 54
• Factors that promoted the global spread of SARS = 56
• Steps that were effective in control of SARS epidemic = 56
• Preventive and control measures in China = 56
• Preventive and control measures in Hong Kong = 56
• Dengue fever in Asia and South America = 57
• Transmission and spread of Dengue fever = 57
• Global burden of Dengue fever = 58
• The story of quarantine = 58
• Symbols of quarantine = 59
• Global faces of quarantine = 60
• Early American quarantine = 61
• Late nineteenth century = 62
• Public Health Service Act = 62
• Reorganization and expansion = 62
• From the inspection to intervention = 62
• Social implications of quarantine = 62
• References = 63
• 5. Most Recent Outbreaks 2014
• Ebola virus disease outbreak : Guinea 2013-2014 = 67
• Ebola virus disease outbreak : Liberia 2013-2014 = 69
• Ebola virus disease outbreak : Sierra Leone 2013-2014 = 70
• Ebola virus disease outbreak : Senegal, Nigeria, and Mali(2013-2014) = 71
• International spread of Ebola virus disease 2014 = 72
• References = 72
• 6. West Saharan Response to Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic
• A small village = 75
• The radio's last broadcast = 76
• During the deadly march we find heroes = 77
• No country will be Ebola virus-free = 80
• Burn their mattresses, burn their things! = 82
• Burn them at the stake! = 83
• The United States and Europe standby = 85
• Too late, too little to be effective = 87
• Our doors are open : come take our sick = 90
• References = 91
• 7. Ebola Virus Disease in the United States
• July 2014 : first response to African outbreaks = 95
• August 2014 : Ebola virus strikes a United States citizen = 96
• September 2014 : the number of patients in the United States increases = 96
• October 2014 : gaps in the United States health system = 98
• November 2014 : Ebola virus disease reaches its first peak = 100
• The national response teams step up efforts for recognition and prevention = 101
• References = 102
• 8. Structure and Genetics of Ebola Virus Disease
• Evolution in our understanding of viruses = 105
• Understanding the genetic material(nucleic acids) = 107
• Structure of viruses = 107
• Virus and host cell = 108
• Ebola virus structure = 109
• Viral entry into the host cell = 111
• Ebola virus transcription = 111
• The body's immune system = 112
• White blood cells = 112
• Interferon production = 112
• Ebola virus messing with the body's immune response = 113
• Disruption of blood vessels and virus entry into the tissue = 113
• The futile leukocyte chase = 113
• Summary = 114
• References = 114
• 9. Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Infection
• A typical case of Ebola virus disease = 117
• Ebola virus infection and spread within the body = 120
• Incubation period = 122
• Clinical manifestations = 122
• Laboratory diagnosis of Ebola virus infection = 125
• Ancillary laboratory findings = 126
• Factors predicting survival or death after Ebola virus infection = 127
• Viral persistence = 127
• Convalescence or recovery period = 127
• CDC guidelines = 127
• Further evaluation = 128
• Biosafety and biosecurity considerations with Ebola virus disease = 129
• Principles of personal protective equipment = 131
• Handling of biological specimens suspected of containing Ebola virus = 132
• Guidelines for the handling of laboratory specimens from suspected or laboratory confirmed Ebola virus disease patients = 133
• Biosafety recommendations for laboratories conducting diagnostic testing for Ebola virus disease with appropriate BSL-3／BSL-4 facilities = 135
• Biosafety recommendations for laboratories conducting diagnostic testing for Ebola virus disease without appropriate BSL-3／BSL-4 facilities = 135
• References = 136
• 10. Ebola Virus Disease : Psychological and Social Aspects
• The psychological stress and response = 140
• Psychological stress and manifestations in acute period = 140
• Psychological stress and manifestations in postinfectious period = 141
• Health-care response = 142
• Escalation by media = 143
• Response of officials and spoke persons, and public rituals = 143
• The health-care workers and caregivers = 144
• Acceptance into the society = 145
• Interaction of health-care workers with society = 147
• Violent behaviors within society = 147
• Social stigma in the United States = 147
• Conclusion = 149
• References = 154
• 11. Treatment of Ebola Virus Disease : Therapeutic Agents
• The evolution of antiviral agents = 159
• Antiviral agents for Ebola virus = 160
• Vaccines = 162
• Challenges to vaccine development : lessons from malaria and HIV infection = 162
• Antibodies from Ebola virus disease survivors = 164
• Antibodies made from other organisms = 165
• References = 166
• 12. Ebola Virus : Natural Reservoirs
• Zoonotic contribution to the new world epidemics = 168
• Linking Ebola virus disease to animal hosts = 168
• Ebola virus disease and nonhuman primates : carriers or victims? = 169
• Ebola virus disease and bats = 171
• Campaign against African bushmeat = 174
• References = 175
• 13. Economic and Political Impact of Ebola Virus Disease
• Direct and indirect economic consequences of Ebola virus disease epidemic = 180
• The impact of Ebola virus disease on various economic sectors = 181
• Overall fiscal impacts = 183
• Financial aid in progress = 184
• The effect of outbreak on surrounding countries' economies = 185
• Pregnancies and childbirths : long-term economic consequences = 186
• Political impact of the Ebola virus disease outbreak = 187
• Introduction = 187
• Political impact of Ebola virus disease on West African countries = 188
• Political impact of Ebola virus disease in the United States of America = 189
• References = 190
• Index = 193