엘리자베스 캐디 스탠튼(1815-1902)의 혁명성과 모순성 = Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Radical Nature of Liberal Feminism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the first person who claimed women suffrage in the United States and one of prominent women’s movement leaders in 19th century. This article defines Stanton as a pioneer of liberal feminism. Because Stanton enthusiastically spoke and acted as a liberal feminist, she was compelled to be radical. Although she sought the legal and political reform for equal rights for women, she thought that it would not be enough. She thought that the way of thinking and attitudes about women also should be changed at the same time. She claimed that to improve the status of women, not only the scope of citizenship but also the relationship of wife and husband and the contents and organizations of the religion should be transformed. It meant that the revolutionary changes were necessary. However after the passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments which had given black men the vote but not women, she wrote that she could not believe that “Sambo” was going to walk to ballot box before her. She took advantage of racism for the argument of women’s rights. It is contradictory to the principle of universal citizenship which she argued for her whole life.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

엘리자베스 캐디 스탠튼은 미국에서 여성참정권을 처음 주장한 사람으로 19세기 여성운동을 대표한다. 이 글에서는 캐디 스탠튼을 자유주의적 여성주의의 선구자로 보고, 그녀의 사상과 활동이 당시 미국 사회에서 혁명적일 수밖에 없었음을 보여준다. 스탠튼은 여성이 시민권을 누리며 살 수 있기 위해서는 법과 제도의 개혁이 필수적이지만, 그것만으로는 충분하지 않으며, 인식과 태도의 변화가 병행해야 한다고 주장했다. 시민권 외에도 가족 관계와 종교 등에서 여성의 지위가 바꾸어야 한다고 했다. 이는 사실 미국 사회에 혁명적 변화가 필요하다고 말하는 것이다. 그러나 내전 이후 참정권 확대 과정에서 유색인 남성에게만 참정권이 부여되고, 여성이 배제되는 상황에서 스탠튼은 여성의 권리 주장을 위해 “가난하고 무식한 흑인 남성”이 여성보다 먼저 참정권을 갖는 것은 재앙을 초래한다고 주장했다. 여성의 참정권 주장을 위해 인종주의에 편승하고, 인종주의를 이용한 것이다. 이는 그녀가 일관되게 주장해왔던 보편적 시민권과 모순된다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박현숙, "캐리 챕프맨 캣의 인종차별주의-민주주의와 편의주의의 기로에서" 한국서양사학회 (115) : 91-132, 2012

2 박현숙, "대중과 역사의 소통의 장으로서의 여성사 박물관-수잔 B. 안소니 박물관과 여권운동의 성지 세네카 폴즈를 중심으로-" 대구사학회 126 : 305-349, 2017

3 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, "“Introduction,” The Solitude of Self (1892)" Kindle version 2014

4 Angela Davis, "Women, Race & Class" Random House 1981

5 Ellen Carol Dubois, "Woman Suffrage and Women’s Rights" New York University Press 1998

6 Louise Michele Newman, "White Women’s Rights: The Racial Origins of Feminism in the United States" Oxford University Press 1999

7 Jen McDaneld, "White Suffragist Dis/Entitlement: The Revolution and the Rhetoric of Racism" 30 (30): 243-264, 2013

8 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, "The Woman’s Bible (1895)" Kindle version 2003

9 Sue Davis, "The Political Thought of Elizabeth Cady Stanton" New York University Press 2008

10 Lisa Tetrault, "The Myth of Seneca Falls: Memory and the Women’s Suffrage Movement" University of North Carolina Press, Kindle version 2014

11 Gerda Lerner, "The Majority Finds Its Past: Placing Women in History, forward by Linda Kerner" University of North Carolina Press 1979

12 Nancy Cott, "The Grounding of Modern Feminism" Yale University Press 1987

13 Kathi Kern, "Stanton’s Bible" Cornell University Press 2001

14 Sally G. McMillen, "Lucy Stone: An Unapologetic Life" Oxford University Press 2015

15 Elizabeth Griffith, "In Her Own Right: The Life of Elizabeth Cady Stanton" Oxford University Press 1985

16 Brent Staples, "How the Suffrage Movement Betrayed Black Women" New York Times

17 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, "History of Woman Suffrage, I – VI" Kindle version 2017

18 Ellen Carol DuBois, "Harriot Stanton Blatch and the Winning of Woman Suffrage" Yale University Press 1997

19 Ellen Carol DuBois, "Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women’s Movement in America, 1848-1869" Cornell University Press 1978

20 Loir Ginzberg, "Elizabeth Cady Stanton: An American Life, Hill and Wang" Kindle version 2009

21 Ellen Carol DuBois, "Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Feminist as Thinker: A Reader in Documents and Essays" New York University Press 2007

22 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, "Eighty Years and More, Reminiscences 1815-1897 (1897)" Kindle version 2012

23 Hilkert Andolsen, "Daughters of Jefferson, Daughters of Bootblacks:Racism and American Feminism" Mercer University Press 1986

24 Harriot Stanton Blatch, "Challenging Years: The Memories of Harriot Stanton Blatch" G. P. Putman’s Sons 1940

25 Patricia Hill Collins, "Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment" Routledge 1991

26 bell hooks, "Ain’t I a Woman?: Black Women and Feminism" South End Press 1981

27 최재인, "19세기 미국 여성운동의 시작과 노예제폐지운동" 한국서양사연구회 (59) : 5-43, 2018