노인복지주택의 단위세대 평면 특성 변화에 관한 연구-2001년 이후 수도권 사례를 중심으로- = A Study on the Changing Unit Plan Characteristics of Senior Welfare Housing-Focused on Cases in the Seoul Metropolitan Area Since 2001-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

(Background and Purpose) Since the early 2000s, senior welfare housing in Korea has evolved in response to demographic aging and shifting residential needs. This study aims to examine how the spatial characteristics of senior housing unit plans have changed across three periods—the Introduction period (2001–2005), Expansion period (2006–2017), and Transition period (2018–2025)—by analyzing 15 representative cases in the Seoul metropolitan area. The research is grounded in the hypothesis that overall spatial accessibility and intelligibility would gradually increase, public spaces would become more integrated through the spread of LDK-type configurations, and private spaces would strengthen territoriality through reduced accessibility, reflecting broader residential shifts. (Method) Space Syntax analysis was conducted using connectivity, integration, control, and intelligibility, and each unit was subdivided into convex spaces and classified into public and private domains. Spatial characteristics were compared across the three periods through average syntax values, while the corridor (public space) and master bedroom (private space) were analyzed through integration differences relative to the mean value of the unit to determine spatial hierarchy and accessibility across time. (Results) Findings show that overall spatial variables did not change uniformly across the three periods. Connectivity and integration increased during the Expansion period but declined in the Transition period, whereas intelligibility showed a steady rise, indicating improved spatial clarity over time. Public spaces displayed consistent development, with most cases showing higher integration values in corridors and living rooms compared to unit averages, revealing the consolidation of a public circulation core and a clearer spatial organization. In contrast, private spaces demonstrated highly variable characteristics. Integration and control increased during the Expansion period but returned to lower levels in the Transition period, indicating that privacy-oriented spatial planning remains unstable. The master bedroom exhibited the strongest privacy in the Introduction period, the weakest in the Expansion period, and a neutral level in the Transition period as its accessibility aligned with the overall unit average. (Conclusions) This study demonstrates that spatial transformations in senior welfare housing units have followed diverging trajectories between public and private domains. While public spaces have increasingly emphasized accessibility and clarity, private spaces show inconsistent patterns that reveal the absence of stable planning standards for privacy. These findings highlight the need to recalibrate the boundary and hierarchy between public and private areas in response to evolving lifestyles and care needs in a super-aged society. The results offer foundational insights for future senior welfare housing unit-plan development and policy discussions aimed at improving these residential environments.