Countries around the world consider ICT a crucial factor for national advancement and economic development. Since the 2000s, South Korea has designated ICT as a driving force for national economic development and has made significant investments in th...
Countries around the world consider ICT a crucial factor for national advancement and economic development. Since the 2000s, South Korea has designated ICT as a driving force for national economic development and has made significant investments in the sector. Despite international sanctions, North Korea has also pursued economic development through ICT, under the banner of self-reliant prosperity. Both South and North Korea share a common focus on concentrating their efforts in the ICT sector for national advancement and economic growth. This commonality makes ICT a highly promising field for academic and technological exchanges and economic cooperation compared to other sectors. For effective ICT cooperation between South and North Korea, a comprehensive and objective understanding of the ICT research interests and policy initiatives of both countries is required.
This study analyzed data from the Rodong Sinmun to identify North Korea’s ICT policy tasks and compared ICT research trends and networks using academic journals from South and North Korea. Through this analysis, the study aims to provide objective foundational data on North Korea’s ICT that ICT experts can practically utilize, identify key areas for collaboration, and explore possibilities for joint research.
A content analysis was conducted through the Rodong Sinmun to determine whether North Korea’s ICT academic research topics appear in North Korea’s ICT policy tasks. The ICT policy tasks highlighted in Rodong Sinmun are 1. Sci-tech Dissemination System, 2. Distance education system, 3. Information Security/Encryption, 4. Health Information System, and 5. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing System These are the topics that the Workers’ Party of North Korea has actively pursued or is currently promoting as informatization policy tasks.
To perform a text mining analysis on ICT research trends, data from seven South Korea’s ICT academic journals and two North Korea’s ICT academic journals published from 2015 to 2023 were used. The full texts of North Korea’s papers were processed using OCR to extract keyword data. A custom user dictionary was created to remove noise and improve model accuracy. By employing unsupervised learning techniques such as topic modeling, key ICT topics being researched in South and North Korea were extracted. Then, supervised learning with a Support Vector Machine was employed to classify and validate the research papers, resulting in highly reliable outcomes.
The North Korean ICT research fields were categorized into 12 topics. while, the South Korean ICT research fields were categorized into 11 topics. The common research fields in ICT between South and North Korea are identified as five topics. “Computer Vision/Image Processing”, “Sound Signal Processing”, “Wireless Communication”, “Industrial Technology”, and “Information Security/Encryption”. North Korea’s specialized ICT research fields include “Natural Language Processing”, “Educational Technology/Learning”, “Health Information System”, “Data Analysis/Decision-making”, and “Information Retrieval/Knowledge Extraction”. South Korea’s specialized ICT research fields include “Convergence Media”, “Autonomous Driving/LBS/ITS”, “Internet of Things”.
The structures of the ICT keyword networks in South and North Korea were compared. The average betweenness centrality in North Korea was higher than in South Korea, while South Korea had higher averages in degree centrality and closeness centrality. The network density in South Korea was found to be more than twice as high as in North Korea. This indicates that South Korea’s keywords interact more frequently on average, suggesting higher information accessibility and transmission efficiency, and a greater likelihood of smooth information flow compared to North Korea. In contrast, North Korea’s network has certain keywords that are either isolated or exert strong control over the network. Changes or removal of these influential keywords could significantly impact the entire network, leading to potentially limited information flow. This suggests that North Korea’s network relies on a few influential keywords playing central roles, while South Korea’s network has a more evenly distributed centrality, with various keywords playing important roles.
This study is the first to use text mining to comparatively analyze ICT research trends in South and North Korea, addressing the significant lack of available research materials related to North Korea’s ICT. Previous studies often failed to extract specific information that ICT experts could practically use due to difficulties in interpreting technical terms and preprocessing data. Overcoming these data analysis limitations, this study confirmed the applicability of text mining analysis techniques in the North Korea’s ICT field and provided guidelines. Additionally, this study goes beyond merely asserting the necessity of ICT cooperation. By analyzing the ICT research networks of South and North Korea, it identifies collaborative opportunities and lays the groundwork for expanding joint research and academic networks.
To prepare for academic exchanges and technological cooperation with North Korea, which could resume at any time, and to be ready for the sudden possibility of unification, a consistent and objective understanding of North Korea’s ICT landscape is required. This is because unification is not an end result but a process.