High-performance ZnO:Ga/Ag/ZnO:Ga multilayered transparent electrodes targeting large-scale perovskite solar cells

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We investigated the thermal stability of multilayered transparent electrodes composed of ZnO:Ga (GZO)/Ag/GZO layers for the application of large-scale perovskite solar cell (PSC) modules, which require a post-annealing temperature of 450 °C. The sheet resistance and transmittance of the GZO/Ag/GZO (50 nm/12 nm/50 nm) electrodes were encouragingly improved by an annealing test with a temperature variation from 25° to 450°C. The optimum value of the sheet resistance was 4.48 Ω/square at an annealing temperature of 450 °C. By a simulation of PSC module performance, we confirmed that PSC modules with our GZO/Ag/GZO multilayered transparent electrodes (4–5 Ω/square) suffer less performance degradation compared to those with conventional FTO transparent electrodes (8–15 Ω/square).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> GZO/Ag/GZO multilayered transparent electrodes are studied. </LI> <LI> A low sheet resistance (< 5 Ω/sq.) and high transmittance (> 85%) are achieved. </LI> <LI> The sheet resistance and transmittance are improved by an annealing test. </LI> <LI> The optimal sheet resistance is 4.48 Ω/sq. at an annealing temperature of 450 °C. </LI> <LI> PSC modules with our GZO/Ag/GZO electrodes suffer less performance degradation. </LI> </UL> </P>