Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a formidable clinical problem owing to its aggressive course, early dissemination, and resistance to conventional therapy. Developing safer and more effective options is therefore imperative. We investig...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a formidable clinical problem owing to its aggressive course, early dissemination, and resistance to conventional therapy. Developing safer and more effective options is therefore imperative. We investigated whether modified FOLFIRINOX (mFOLFIRINOX) can prime PDAC cells for natural killer cell (NK-cell) therapy and yield synergistic anti-tumor activity. Using PDAC cell lines and a xenograft mouse model, we quantified changes in NK-cell–activating ligands and apoptosis-inducing receptors following short-term mFOLFIRINOX pretreatment, then assessed NK-cell cytotoxicity, effector responses, tumor growth, and survival after the addition of NK-cells. mFOLFIRINOX increased the display of NK-activating ligands and death receptors in vitro and in vivo, enhancing susceptibility to NK-cell–mediated killing. Across all cell lines, the combination outperformed either monotherapy, producing faster and more robust cytolysis. In vivo, sequential mFOLFIRINOX followed by NK-cells suppressed tumor burden and prolonged survival relative to single-agent arms. Collectively, these findings indicate that mFOLFIRINOX pretreatment primes PDAC for NK-cell attack and that the combination delivers superior anti-tumor efficacy, motivating continued optimization and clinical translation of this strategy.