반추동물의 메탄감소를 위한 천연식물 추출물에 관한 연구 = Studies on Natural Plant Extracts for Methane Reduction in Ruminants

국문 초록 (Abstract)

6가지 천연 식물 추출물의 첨가가 반추동물의 메탄 감소에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 반추위액은 cannula가 장착된 한우에서 채취하였으며, 공시축의 사양관리는 timothy와 농후사료 6:4 비율로 급여하였다. 50 ml serum bottle에 timothy 0.3 g, 반추위액 5 ml, McDougall's buffer 10 ml를 각각 넣고 인삼, 도라지, 유카식물, 동백나무, 차나무, 오갈피 추출물을 기질의 5%를 첨가한 뒤 발효시간대별(3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 및 72시간) 7처리 3반복 수행하였다. pH는 6.55~7.41로 반추위 적정 pH 범위에 속하였다. 건물소화율은 첨가구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)인 차이가 없었다. 총 가스 발생량은 발효 24시간대 인삼, 도라지 첨가구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였다. 이산화탄소 발생량은 발효 9시간대, 메탄 발생량은 6시간대에서 첨가구와 대조구간 유의적(P<0.05)인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 미생물성장량은 발효 12시간대 인삼, 도라지 첨가구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였고, 발효 24시간대 인삼, 유카식물, 차나무, 오갈피 첨가구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였다. Total VFA 농도는 발효 12시간 차나무, 오갈피 첨가구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였고, 발효 48시간 인삼, 도라지 첨가구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였다. Acetate 농도는 발효 24시간 인삼, 도라지 첨가구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 감소하였고, propionate 농도는 발효 48시간 인삼, 도라지 첨가구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적(P<0.05)으로 증가하였다. 결과적으로 6가지 천연식물 추출물의 첨가는 in vitro 반추위 발효성상에는 이상이 없었으나 메탄 감소의 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 추후 6가지 천연 식물 추출물의 농도를 달리하여 추가적인 시험이 필요할 것으로 사료 된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted to evaluate natural plant extracts for methane gas reduction in ruminants. Rumen fluid was collected from cannulated Hanwoo cow ($450{\pm}30kg$) consuming 400 g/kg concentrate and 600 g/kg timothy. The 15 ml of mixture comparing McDougall's buffer and rumen fluid in the ratio 2 to 1, was dispensed anaerobically into 50 ml serum bottles. Rumen fluid contents were collected and in vitro fermentation prepared control (timothy, 300 mg), ginseng, balloon flower, yucca plant, camellia, tea plant and ogapi extracts were added at the level of 5% against 300 mg of timothy as a substrate (v/w) and incubated for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. In vitro pH values range 6.55~7.41, this range include rumen titration. The dry matter digestibility was not differ between all treatments and control. Total gas emission was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 24 h than in control. Carbon dioxide emission was not differ all treatments on 9 h than in control and significantly higher (p<0.05) yucca plant, camellia and tea plant treatments on 12 h than control. Methane emission was not differ all treatments on 6 h than in control. The rumen microbial growth rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, balloon flower on 12 h and significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, yucca plant, tea plant and ogapi treatments on 24 h than in control. Total VFA was significantly higher (p<0.05) in tea plant and ogapi treatments on 12 h than in control and significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng, balloon flower treatments on 48 h than in control. Acetic acid was significantly lower (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 24 h than in control. Propionic acid was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ginseng and balloon flower treatments on 48 h than in control. As a results, sixth natural plant extracts had no significant effect dry matter digestibility and negative on rumen fermentation, but not effect methane reduction.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 황희순, "할로겐 화합물의 첨가가 반추위 발효성상과 메탄생성에 미치는 영향" 한국생명과학회 22 (22): 1187-1193, 2012

2 옥지운, "반추위 메탄생성 저감 및 발효성상 개선을 위한 다양한 첨가물질의 이용능 분석" 경상대학교 대학원 2010

3 한영숙, "동백나무(Camellia japonica L.) 잎 추출물이 식품유해 미생물에 미치는 항균 효과" 한국식품과학회 37 (37): 113-121, 2005

4 이숙영, "동백나무 추출물의 혈전용해 효소활성" 한국약용작물학회 14 (14): 195-201, 2006

5 이숙영, "동백나무 잎과 꽃 추출물의 항미생물 활성 및 항산화 효과" 한국약용작물학회 13 (13): 93-100, 2005

6 김주희, "동백 잎의 인간 혈액 암세포 성장 억제 효과" 대한본초학회 18 (18): 11-98, 2003

7 김두리, "급여수준에 따른 한우 암소의 온실가스 배출량 평가" 한국축산학회 53 (53): 475-480, 2011

8 Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change, "The scientific basis" Cambridge University Press 2001

9 Crutzen P, "The role of methane in atmospheric chemistry and climate" 291-316, 1995

10 Wina, E., "The impact of saponins or saponin-containing plant materials on ruminant production a review" 53 : 8093-8105, 2005

11 McDougall, E. I., "The composition and output of sheep`s saliva" 43 : 99-109, 1948

12 황희순, "Terpenoid 함유 식물 추출물의 첨가가 반추위발효와 메탄 발생에 미치는 영향" 한국유기농업학회 21 (21): 629-646, 2013

13 Grobner, M. A., "Sarsaponin effects on in vitro continuous flow fermentation of a high grain diet" 33 : 64-66, 1982

14 옥지운, "Saponin 함유 식물 추출물의 첨가가 반추위 발효성상과 메탄생성에 미치는 영향" 한국축산학회 53 (53): 147-154, 2011

15 SAS, "SAS User Guide" SAS Inst. Inc 1996

16 Sliwinski, B. J., "Rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance of lambs fed diet containing plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins, and associated emissions of nitrogen and methane" 56 : 379-392, 2002

17 Lee, H. Y., "Platycodin D inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells by modulating kruppel-like factor 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ" 24 : S161-S167, 2010

18 AOAC., "Official methods of analysis 19th edition"

19 Duncan, D. B., "Multiple range and multiple F test" 11 : 1-6, 1995

20 Lee, S. Y., "Mitigation strategies for enteric methane emission" 1 : 103-121, 2009

21 Goel, G., "Methane mitigation from ruminants using tannins and saponins" 44 : 729-739, 2012

22 Johnson, K. A., "Methane emissions from cattle" 73 : 2483-2492, 1995

23 Odongo, N. E., "Long-term effects of feeding monensin on methane production in lactating dairy cows" 90 : 1781-1788, 2007

24 이신자, "Long-chain fatty acids의 첨가가 in vitro 반추위 미생물 수, 소화율 및 메탄생성에 미치는 영향" 농업생명과학연구원 49 (49): 47-56, 2015

25 Kim, O. R., "Isolation and identification of antimicrobial compounds from Yucca smalliana Fern" Graduate School, Chonnam National University 2004

26 Ahn, K. S., "Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase II by Platycodon grandiflorum saponins via suppression of nuclear factor-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells" 76 : 2315-2328, 2005

27 Newbold, C. J., "Influence of foliage from African multipurpose trees on activity of rumen protozoa and bacteria" 78 : 237-249, 1997

28 Makkar, H. P. S., "Gravimetric determination of tannins and their correlations with chemical and protein precipitation methods" 61 : 161-165, 1993

29 Lee, S. J., "Effects of nitrate-rich extracts on the in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production" 50 : 95-105,

30 McCullough, M. E., "Effects of intake of forge level on ruminal turnover rate, bacterial protein synthesis and duodenal amino acid flow in sheep" 62 : 216-, 1968

31 Pen, B., "Effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane emission" 129 : 175-186, 2006

32 김언태, "Effects of Flavonoid-rich Plant Extracts on In vitro Ruminal Methanogenesis, Microbial Populations and Fermentation Characteristics" 아세아·태평양축산학회 28 (28): 530-537, 2015

33 Hristov, A. N., "Effect of yucca schidigera on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers" 77 : 2554-2563, 1999

34 Wei, M., "Effect of addtion of three plant extracts on gas production, ruminal fermentation, methane producion and ruminal digestibility based on in vitro technique" 11 : 4304-4309, 2012

35 Lopez, S., "Effect of adding acetogenic bacteria on methane production by mixed rumen microorganisms" 78 : 1-10, 1999

36 Zhao, H. L., "Cholesterol- lowering effect of platycodin D in hypercholesterolemic ICR mice" 537 : 166-173, 2006

37 Lee, S. J., "Biochemical studies on ginseng saponins(ⅠⅩ)" 10 : 59-69, 1977

38 Choi, C. Y., "Aqueous extract isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum elicits the release of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-a from murine macrophages" 1 : 1141-1151, 2001

39 Sur, P., "Antiinflammatory and antioxidant property of saponins of tea Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze root extract" 12 : 174-176, 1998

40 Theodorou, M. K., "A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds" 48 : 185-197, 1994