품목별 생산조직 활동의 변화와 지역농협의 과제 = 전남 나주 세지멜론작목회 활동을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글의 목적은 영농조직의 한 형태로서 작목반 활동의 성격이 지역농업 재편과정에서 어떻게 변화하고 있으며, 지역농협이 작목반 육성을 통해 농업발전에 기여할 수 있는 방법이 무엇인지를 사례조사를 통해 규명하는 데 있다. 사례조직인 전남 나주시 서지면의 멜론작목회가 지역의 대표적인 영농조직으로 점착하는 과정을 시기별로 개관하였으며, 공동선별-공동출하-공동계산이라는 작목반 협동활동의 기본성격이 골격을 갖추어 가는 과정을 정리하였다. 이 사례조사를 통하여 필자는 현대농업에서 생산자간 협동활동은 대부분 생산과정의 조직화에 의한 생산력 발전보다는 유통과정, 즉 생산물 및 요소시장에 대한 공동대응활동을 통한 가격실현에 더 많은 관심을 가지고 있으며 따라서 지역농협은 지역의 다양한 협동양식의 조정·관리자로서 이 유통과정의 협동을 생산과정의 조직화로 연결시켜 나가야 할 필요가 있음을 잠정적 결론으로 제시한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In recent years, there are many theoretical and practical debates on the "Organization of Regional Agriculture"(ORA) as an alternative to the established rural development plans. The key concepts of ORA might be founded in its endogenous and de-centralized strategies that induce various cooperation activities of small farmers based on the community level consensus on the optimal use of regional resources, ultimately overcoming the backwardness of rural sectors. Jakmokban, the farming organization supported by the Agricultural Cooperatives (ACs) seems to be a good resource that promotes rural development based on the ORA. First of all, jakmokban is the small-scale village level organization of farmers cultivating same crops, so that degrees of solidarity and consistency in the group activities are relatively high: additionally, through vertical cooperation with the regional ACs, jakmokban will have an enough potential to cope with social and economic changes in agricultural environments. After all, seen from the this case study as well as other preceding ones, the activities of jakmokban have many problems to be solved to promote rural development based on the ORA. First, in spite that the fundamental characteristics of jakmokban ought to be in the "organization of small farmers" aiming at overcoming the limit of peasant economy, in many actual cases its activities seem to be circumscribed within the "organizatio of coop members" managed for the AC`s internal businesses. So the functions of jakmokban are mainly inclined to such a limited activity as a transactional partnership with the AC`s businesses or as a passive adaptation mode to the commercial capital. Second, it must be pointed that many of the cooperation activities of jakmokban are limited within the market situations related to agricultural inputs or farm products, so being rarely founded out the cooperation activities related to the production process in the community level including "joint farming", "cooperative farming" and TQM. It is true that class differentiation in rural sectors raised heterogeneity of farmers, so that traditional concepts of cooperation in farming are being diminished. But if we consider ORA to be a community level development strategy, the ACs, as the institutional agencies of that strategy, should transform the activities of jakmokban to the level of cooperation, which optimally utilize regional rsources on the community base. Finally, upon the recent processes that various hybrid patterns of farmer`s cooperation, including jakmokban, are emerging in rural communities, it can not be excluded the possibilities that these processes unintentionally raise unnecessary conflicts and competitions among them, hindering the rural development based on the ORA. The typical cases are founded in the conflicts between the ACs, as the coop, enterprises, and large-scale farmer companies that, occasionally developed from jakmokban, manage various businesses similar to the ACs. Consequently, to develop rural communities by the paradigm of ORA, it is prerequisite that various types of farmer`s cooperation are coordinated through the upper-level strategic alliances and regulation mode in the community level. Moreover, seen from the the context that raison de`tre of ACs could be founded in their roles as the institutional agencies of rural community development, many of these tasks are allocated to the ACs.