Various preparations are necessary for successful Flipped Learning. Particularly, providing appropriate pre-learning material is a prerequisite for successful flipped learning. Nowadays, mobile devices are so popular that learners can easily be provid...
Various preparations are necessary for successful Flipped Learning. Particularly, providing appropriate pre-learning material is a prerequisite for successful flipped learning. Nowadays, mobile devices are so popular that learners can easily be provided their learning material via their own personal mobile devices. Recently SPAT(an integrated format of delivering Still picture, Audio, and Text) has been newly proposed as a way of providing mobile learning materials. SPAT has great potential as a mobile content delivery format because it is small in file size, independent of running time, and easy to update. Pre-learning materials of flipped learning should not only be able to provide key concepts and knowledge, but also support iterative learning at the convenience of the learner. In this respect, SPAT, which supports individualized and repetitive learning to the level of learners, has great potential as a instructional materials for flipped learning.
This study was conducted for the purpose of exploring 1) learner 's experience, 2) learner' s recognition, and 3) teacher 's recognition in SPAT-based mobile flipped learning.
This study applied a single-case study method. Participants were twenty 4th grade students. The SPAT-based mobile flipped learning was conducted five times in a science class during the period of two weeks. During and after the flipped learning, learning log data, class observation, survey, and interview data were collected and qualitative analysis was performed. The results of the study were analyzed using the Dewey’s framework of educational experiences: the subject of experience, the content of experience, and the environment of experience.
As a result of the study, learners had various educational experiences. In terms of the subject of experience, learners used self-directed learning strategies actively and selected effective learning methods for them voluntarily. In terms of the content of experience, learners have experienced elaboration of knowledge over time and diverse and expanded knowledge. In terms of the environment of experience, learners were free from the constraints of time and space, and experienced a personalized learning environment. Next, learners had various perceptions about SPAT as a way to provide mobile learning materials for flipped learning. In terms of the subject of experience, learners recognized SPAT positively because it was convenient to utilize self-directed learning strategies and ensures autonomy of learning. However, there were comments that the way the scenes were divided was rather uncomfortable and needed additional functions. In terms of content of experience, learners recognized SPAT positively. Because SPAT is a light knowledge that can be seen many times. And because the core is clear, it is easy to recall the memory in the class. And various and rich materials are provided. However, it was pointed out that SPAT is less vivid than video. In terms of the environment of experience, SPAT improves the convenience of mobile learning and enables individual and autonomous learning using personal mobile devices. However, some learners point out that SPAT does not feel effective, and that the search for various data is limited. Finally, teachers also had various perceptions about SPAT as a way of providing mobile learning materials for flipped learning. In terms of materials production, the teacher thought that SPAT was easy and intuitive to produce, and that it was easy to edit, use other data already developed, and link with external data. However, the teacher insisted that the subject characteristics should be considered when using SPAT and pointed out that the efficiency of SPAT is low. Teachers responded that SPAT is effective in terms of data sharing because it is fast to upload and utilizes a platform for learning only. In terms of materials utilization, it was positively recognized that it is easy to participate in learning and easy to check learning. In terms of materials management, it was easy to download to mobile devices because of its low capacity and it was effective to organize the data systematically. In summary, this study shows that SPAT is effective to support self-directed and active learning of learners, and SPAT is more likely to be used as a pre-class learning material for flipped learning and as a mobile data delivery system in the elementary school context.
In conclusion, this study confirmed the possibility of using SPAT in a new context, and contributed to the expansion of research on learner experience in educational technology field. Based on the discussion on the research result, a few suggestions for future research have been proposed.