Parents struggle with stress when the demands of childrearing exceed their resources and capacity to cope. Particularly, as the COVID-19 pandemic persists, the increased level of parenting stress poses a major risk factor for depression. However, litt...
Parents struggle with stress when the demands of childrearing exceed their resources and capacity to cope. Particularly, as the COVID-19 pandemic persists, the increased level of parenting stress poses a major risk factor for depression. However, little research has been carried out on both mothers’ and fathers’ parenting stress and their impacts on depression. Building upon previous research on career calling, the present study aimed to test parental calling as a protective factor that can buffer the link between parenting stress and depression. Parental calling is defined as individuals’ meaning and belief system that allows one to live a purposeful and fulfilling life as a parent through a reinterpretation of their own daily life experiences. Knowing that mothers and fathers encounter somewhat different types of demands in childrearing, parental calling may have a different buffering effect on depression by the gender of parents. Taken together, the current study was set out to examine whether parental calling can play as a buffer in parenting stress-depression relation and whether it is further moderated by parents’ gender.
Six hundred and nineteen parents (fathers: 314, mothers: 305) who are under the age of 60 and rearing at least one child participated in an online questionnaire study. The proposed moderated moderation, a three-way interaction effect of parenting stress, parental calling, and parents’ gender on depression, was tested using PROCESS macro model 3 (Hayes, 2013). Results showed that the three-way interaction was significant. The moderating effect of parental calling on the relation between parenting stress and depression was significant in mothers only. These results suggest that mothers were significantly benefitted by a heightened sense of parental calling whereas such beneficial effect of parental calling was absent in fathers.
The current study revealed that parental calling can work as an effective moderator for negative outcomes of parenting stress. Particularly, depending on how parents conceptualize their parenting roles and how much they are involved in childrearing, the benefits can be more evident as observed in the mothers. This study offers new insight into the role of parental calling and its application to the development of evidence-based interventions and education programs for parents.