전학삼(錢學森)(1911-2009)의 과학기술론과 사회발전론 = Qian Xuesen’s epistemological transformation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines Qian Xuesen’s epistemological transformation on the relation between engineering science and its application to social engineering in the context of cold war China. As a distinguished rocket scientist who also very much captivated by institutionalization of engineering science in the early socialist regime, Qian basically argued that engineering science should serve to social needs to promote productivity in economic ways. His approach to the Scientific Revolutions was quited different from that of Thomas S. Kuhn’s. He insisted that technological knowledge and practice accumulated throughout time－namely normal science－could be valued when it contributes to general innovation. During the period of Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Qian focused on his own researches improving Chinese military science. He remained silent on the issue of social engineering. It was mainly due to his elitist and top-down approach to scientific research and institutionalization of science and technology. Elitism coming from his background would be able to make him an easy target for the red fever of the Cultural Revolution. He began to openly state his perspectives on social engineering and population management through scientific system from late 1970s. System engineering had been suggested by him and his fellow scholars as a way for effective socio-economic reform of the country. His elitist idea on social reform had been reflected in his suggestion to organize a overlording planning group for the total makeover of post-Mao Chinese society.