環境親和的 山地開發의 基準과 指標 設定에 關한 硏究 = Establishment of criteria and indicators for environmentally sound forestland development

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With further development of national economy for the 21st century, our society will be more diversified and proceed to more democratic society, and decentralization of governments will be further promoted. In this regard, conservation, development and use of forestlands should be pursued in consideration of local characteristics.
In compliance with such a contemporary desire and in order for forestlands to contribute to promoting people's quality of life with the national economic development, indiscreet conversion of forestlands into other purposes should be prevented and environmentally-friendly forestland development introduced. In addition to legal and institutional improvement, scientific and objective development and application of indicators for environmentally sound forestland conversion will be important.
In recognition of such problems, first, this study analyzed functions and roles of forestlands, and clarified concepts and conditions of environmentally sound forestland development through foreign countries' cases in both aspects of theory and practicality. Secondly, this study proposed a way of incorporating forestland development methods which prevent indiscreet development of forestlands into current legal and institutional system, and proposed political and institutional measures to induce activation of forestland development. Third, this study identified the status and problems of forestland development against five types of popular forestland uses such as golf course and residential area development, established indicators necessary for prevention of inconsiderate development through Del-Phi survey to expert groups and determined criteria for forestland development which could be compatible between conservation and development over selected indicators. Major research results are as follows :
1. There are currently several forestland use-related policies such as area zoning, environmental impact assessment, forestland use classification by Forest Law and forestland use by other individual laws, for efficient forestland use in compliance with economic, social and cultural changes. However, because forestland policies are too much focused on keeping the forestlands, not the efficient use of forestlands, there has been lack of measures to prevent forest destruction and indiscreet development of forestlands prevailed by flatland development methods.
2. Our country, like in the advanced countries, also needs to develop methods and criteria for forestland development being able to regulate with full authority, regardless of zoned area. Permission to forestland conversion should secure objectivity and impartiality. Suitability assessment system for forestland development should be enacted to prevent natural disaster like landslides and maintain forest landscape. Through the criteria for environmentally-friendly forestland development, it should take a reviewing process whether to see its appropriateness.
3. Aiming at environmentally-friendly forestland development, total 11 indicators were selected such as forest vegetation, topography, distance to water way, slope, accessibility, building height, cutting edge height, maintenance of original shape, coverage ratio, green space ratio and width of forests between facilities. According to development types, their criteria and indicators were proposed.
4. To be successful with the environmentally-friendly forestland development, the criteria and indicators should be institutionalized into the Forestland Management Act(draft) and planning-first-and-development-second system introduced by drawing up a forestland development basic plan. However, application of the criteria and indicators could be different, depending upon localities. Unlike the cases of Japan and Germany where policies and institutions are well developed by taking into account the long tradition of local autonomy and local characteristics, as our country needs more coordinating role of central government, the necessity for new establishments of forest-related conservation laws and regulations at the central level and the establishment of national council of coordination should be reviewed.
5. To increase transparency of the procedures for permission to forestland development, participatory approach, involving local people, should be institutionalized to facilitate screening the projects at the initial stage which seem to have high risks of environmental degradation.
6. When the forestland development projects such as golf course and skiing area are discontinued and the lands discarded are required for urgent reclamation, natural disaster prevention order should be put in place. In case of disobedience of the order, deposits received should be proxy-executed by enacting lawful provisions. As well, when the forests having high potential for multiple functions of forests are converted to other purposes, levy taxes for conversion should be extra weighted.
7. In the long term, forest function classification map should be prepared for the whole forest land base, and then forestland development implemented in consideration of forest functions and roles. With such a background, clear goals of planning local biotopes and natural reserves should be identified by judging whether a community should be protected and combining populations are appropriate.
8. Over the restricted areas for forestland development or the forestlands getting restrictions for normal forest management by the other laws and regulations, legal system should be introduced for the national or local governments to buy over the land within the budget limit in case the land owners request to do so.
9. In order to firmly introduce the concept of environmentally -friendly forestland development, a new paradigm will be essential that forestlands are not just the reserved areas which will be converted to other uses when necessary, but national assets of people protecting our living and bringing our safety.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• ABSTRACT = 1
• I. 緖論 = 6
• 1. 問題의 提起 = 6
• 2. 硏究目的 = 10
• 3. 硏究方法 = 11
• 4. 先行硏究의 考察 = 14
• II. 環境親和的 山地開發의 理論的 考察 = 20
• 1. 산림의 기능과 산지의 토지적 특성과의 관계 = 20
• 가. 산림의 기능 = 20
• 나. 산지의 토지적 특성 = 23
• 다. 산지이용의 공법적 규제 = 25
• 2. 난개발과 환경친화적 산지개발의 개념 = 28
• 가. 토지시장의 실패와 난(亂)개발 = 28
• 나. 산림보호와 산림보전의 논리 = 30
• 다. 환경친화적 산지개발 = 33
• 1) 환경친화적 산지개발의 개념 = 33
• 2) 산지개발에서 환경친화적 산지개발의 요소 도입 = 37
• 3. 외국의 환경친화적 산지개발제도 분석 = 39
• 가. 일본의 임지개발허가제도의 전개과정 = 39
• 1) 1940년의 국토계획 = 39
• 2) 1974년의 임지개발제도의 창설 = 41
• 3) 1991년의 개정 = 43
• 나. 독일의 산지관리제도 = 46
• 1) 독일 산림법에서의 산지관리 = 46
• 2) 산지전용제도 = 50
• 4. 환경친화적 산지개발의 조건 = 54
• 가. 산지관리정책목표의 명확성 = 55
• 나. 환경친화적 산지개발기준의 적용 및 시행 = 56
• 다. 先계획 後개발제도의 적용 = 57
• 라. 주민의견 청취절차의 반영 = 59
• 마. 대체조림비·전용부담금 통합·일원화 및 제도개선 = 59
• 바. 산지개발의 중단사업에 대한 관리강화 = 60
• III. 산지 및 국토이용관리 정책 분석 = 61
• 1. 우리 나라의 산지관리정책의 전개과정 = 61
• 가. 조선시대 = 61
• 1) 조선전기의 禁山제도 = 62
• 2) 조선후기의 封山제도 = 62
• 나. 일제강점기의 산림정책 = 63
• 다. 해방 및 戰亂期의 산림정책 = 64
• 라. 산림녹화기반 구축기의 절대·상대임지 = 66
• 마. 산지자원화 추진기의 보전·준보전임지 = 69
• 2. 우리 나라 토지이용관리정책 분석 = 71
• 가. 용도를 구분하는 토지이용관리정책 = 72
• 1) 국토이용관리법 = 73
• 2) 도시계획법 = 79
• 3) 수도권정비계획법 = 82
• 나. 개별법에 의한 토지이용관리정책 = 86
• 1) 관광·휴양목적의 개발시설에 대한 법·제도 = 87
• 2) 택지개발 허가기준 = 91
• 3) 공장설립 허가기준 = 94
• 3. 환경영향평가제도 분석 = 96
• 4. 산지이용관리체계 분석 = 101
• 가. 산지이용체계 재편 = 102
• 나. 보전임지 전용허가 및 협의기준 = 105
• 5. 소결 = 112
• IV. 環境親和的 山地開發指標 및 基準設定 = 115
• 1. 기준 및 지표개발을 위한 통계분석 방법 = 116
• 2. 지표 및 기준치 설정을 위한 델파이조사 = 117
• 가. 1차 라운드 = 117
• 1) 연구대상 및 회수율 = 117
• 2) 통계분석 방법 및 결과 = 118
• 나. 2차 라운드 = 121
• 1) 설문조사방법 및 회수율 = 121
• 2) 결과분석 = 122
• 3) 산지개발시 지표별 기준설정 = 125
• 다. 3차 라운드 = 146
• 1) 설문조사방법 및 회수율 = 146
• 2) 라운드간 신뢰성 및 의견수렴의 일치성 검정 = 147
• 3) 통계분석결과 및 결과해석 = 151
• 3. 환경친화적 산지개발 기준 및 지표 설정 = 160
• 가. 유형별 기준 및 지표에 대한 현지 적용실태 = 160
• 나. 유형별, 지표별 현행법상의 적용규정 = 162
• 다. 환경친화적 산지개발지표 선정 = 164
• 라. 환경친화적 산지개발 기준설정 = 167
• 1) 입지선정 지표에 대한 기준치 설정 = 168
• 2) 시설물설치 지표에 대한 기준치 설정 = 174
• 4. 환경친화적 산지개발제도 시행방안 = 181
• 5. 소결 = 183
• V. 결론 = 185
• 參考文獻 = 199