美軍政期 雜誌에 나타난 敎育 改革論

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Under the United States Army Military Government in Korea after Korea's liberation from 35 years of Japanese colonial control, the Korean tried to reconstruct educational system as well as educational practices according to the democratic principles. Korean people's movements toward democratic education took on various forms including public lecture, teachers' institute, textbook publication, newspaper article, student strikes against undemocratic educational tradition etc. Publication of educational journals and contribution of articles to periodicals were also very important ways of educational movement which were used of by many intellectuals who were interested in education.

It is the aim of this research to disclose the various arguments which led the contemporary educational reform movements. There were three representative educational reform movements which showed different ideological dispositions. The first was so called New Education Movement which was inclined to introduce American educational ideas and institutions into Korea. This movement was regarded by the American Military Government as desirable and supported in many ways. Educational leaders in this movement in general participated in military government and the published four educational journals such as "Youngnam Kyoyuk (Youngnam education)" "Kyoyuk (education)" "Sin Koyyuk Gunsul(construction of New education)" and "Sae Kyoyuk (New education)". The second was so called the progressive democratic education movement led by radical socialists. They contributed so many articles about educational reconstruction to various periodicals. The third educational movement was initiated by the nationalistic educators. They were interested in the reforming of school textbooks for the purpose of inspiring of nationalism among the young generation through school education.

Articles about educational reform selected from these journals and other 20 general periodicals were analysed for this research. And the result was described according to four sub-fields educational doctrine, educational system, curriculum, and educational methods.

In the 2nd chapter the conflicting educational doctrines were examined which were emphasized respectively by three educational movement groups mentioned above. In the 3rd chapter different arguments aiming at the reforming of educational system were analysed. Many articles gave attention to democratize the teachers education, social education, higher education etc.. In the 4th chapter the issue of reforming school curriculum were investigated.

History education, Korean language education, science education, vocational education etc. were the main subjects which were discussed by many educators at that time. Finally, in the 5th chapter the reforming ideas of teaching methods were reviewed. Introduction of foreign educational theories and the suggestions of new teaching methods by school teachers were introduced in this part. The child-oriented education which is generated from Pestalrozzi to Dewey were mentioned by many teachers at this time. These suggestions were seemingly tested in some elementary schools, but not realized because of over-crowding classroom in Korean schools.

This study covered the education reform arguments under the United States Army Military Government, and found out that the educational reform after the liberation was influenced not only by the United States Army Military Government, but also the educational discourses of many domestic educational movement groups.