Chemical lasers

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• 1. Introduction = 1
• 2. Fundamentals of Chemical Laser Kinetics = 6
• 2.1 Qualitative Analysis of Chemical Laser Operation = 7
• 2.1.1 Specific Power of Coherent Radiation = 7
• 2.1.2 Laws Governing Population Inversion Development in the Case of Chemical Pumping 12
• 2.1.3 Energy Characteristics and Their Dependence on the Physico-Chemical Reaction Mechanism = 18
• 2.2 Nonequilibrium Excitation in Chemical Reactions = 24
• 2.3 Population Inversion and Amplification of Radiation in Vibrational-Rotational Transitions = 33
• 2.3.1 Amplification Conditions. Total and Partial Population Inversion = 33
• 2.3.2 Gain = 36
• 2.4 Elementary Vibrational Relaxation Processes = 40
• 2.4.1 Experimental Data = 40
• 2.4.2 Theoretical Studies = 41
• 2.5 General Equations Describing Physico-Chemical Processes Occurring in the Laser Medium = 61
• 2.5.1 Radiative Processes = 61
• 2.5.2 Chemical Kinetics = 63
• 2.5.3 Vibrational-Rotational Kinetics = 63
• 2.5.4 Energy Conservation Equation = 68
• 2.5.5 Generation of Radiation in Gas Flows = 68
• 2.6 Calculation of the Generation and Amplification of Radiation in Multi-Level Chemical Lasers in Quasistationary Approximation = 71
• 3. Kinetics and Numerical Analysis of Chain-Reaction Chemical Lasers (Pulsed Mode) = 107
• 3.1 Brief Review of the Theory = 107
• 3.2 H₂-F₂ System = 109
• 3.2.1 Hydrogen-Fluorine Reaction Mechanism. Explosion Limits = 109
• 3.2.2 Mathematical Model of the Hydrogen-Fluoride Laser (HFL) = 114
• 3.2.3 Calculation of the Effect of Basic Factors on the Energy Characteristics and Emission Dynamics of HFL in the Rotational-Translational Equilibrium Approximation = 121
• 3.2.4 Effect of Rotational Nonequilibrium on Laser Emission Spectrum, Dynamics, and Energy = 128
• 3.2.5 Modeling of HFL with Allowance Made for Rotational Nonequilibrium and Anharmonicity of Lasing Molecules = 134
• 3.3 D₂- F₂-CO₂System = 139
• 3.3.1 Qualitative Discussion of the Kinetic Scheme of Chemical Pumping Involving Energy Transfer = 139
• 3.3.2 Elementary Process Kinetics and Laser Performance Calculation Procedures = 141
• 3.3.3 Calculation of the Effect of Basic Factors on the Energy Characteristics of the DF-CO₂Laser = 143
• 3.3.4 Oscillation Excitation and Quenching Mechanism = 147
• 3.3.5 Comparison Between the Energy Characteristics of the H₂-F₂and D₂-F₂- CO₂Systems = 151
• 3.3.6 On the Use of Energetic Chain Branching to Initiate Laser Emission with a High Quantum Yield = 151
• 4. Pulsed Chemical Lasers = 166
• 4.1 Requirements for the Parameters of Chemically-Pumped Pulsed Laser Systems = 167
• 4.2 Initiation of Pulsed Chemical Lasers = 169
• 4.2.1 Initiation Techniques = 169
• 4.2.2 Engineering Aspects of Initiation = 175
• 4.2.3 Questions Relating to the Homogeneity of Initiation and the Scaling of the Laser Medium Size = 185
• 4.2.4 Comparison Between Flash-Photolysis and Electron-Beam Initiation Techniques = 187
• 4.3 Laser Mixture Preparation Problems = 189
• 4.4 Non-Chain-Reaction Pulsed Hydrogen-Fluoride Lasers = 194
• 4.5 H₂(D₂)-F₂ Lasers = 197
• 4.5.1 Spectral and Temporal Characteristics = 198
• 4.5.2 Effect of Oxygen and Mixture Preparation Techniques on Laser Performance Characteristics = 200
• 4.5.3 Energy Characteristics = 202
• 4.6 D₂-F₂-CO₂Lasers = 207
• 4.7 Effect of Additives Accelerating the Hydrogen Fluorination Chain Reaction = 211
• 4.8 Beam Divergence in Hydrogen-Fluoride Lasers = 214
• 4.9 Pulsed Chemical Lasers Operating on Vibrational Overtones of HF and DF Molecules = 215
• 4.10 Amplifier-Mode Operation of Pulsed Hydrogen-Fluoride Lasers = 216
• 4.11 High-Repetition-Rate Operation of Chemical Lasers = 221
• 4.12 Pulsed Chemical Lasers Based on Chain Reactions Other than the Hydrogen-Fluorine Reaction = 223
• 4.13 Current Status of Pulsed Chemical Lasers = 228
• 5. Continuous-Wave Chemical Lasers = 248
• 5.1 Physical Principles of Operation of CWCL's = 249
• 5.2 Purely Chemical Subsonic DF-CO₂ Lasers = 251
• 5.2.1 Basic Schemes. Experimental Situation = 251
• 5.2.2 Simplified Theoretical Model. Discussion of Experimental Data = 255
• 5.2.3 Design-Basis Theoretical Model of Continuous-Wave DF-CO₂ Laser = 264
• 5.3 Supersonic HF (DF) Lasers. A Review of Experimental Work = 269
• 5.3.1 Plasma-Generator Laser Version = 270
• 5.3.2 Self-Contained Laser Version = 276
• 5.4 Principal Power Performance Features of Supersonic CWCL's = 278
• 5.4.1 Introductory Remarks. Flame Front Concept = 278
• 5.4.2 Estimation of Scale Factors = 282
• 5.4.3 Mixture-Pressure Dependence of Laser Energy Characteristics = 285
• 5.4.4 Factors Limiting the Energy Performance of the "Cold" -Reaction HF Laser = 289
• 5.5 Prospects for the Development of the DF-CO₂ and HF CWCL's = 291
• 5.5.1 Supersonic DF-CO₂ Laser = 291
• 5.5.2 HF CWCL with Chain Excitation Mechanism = 294
• 5.6 Other Types of CWCL's = 300
• 5.6.1 Hydrogen-Halide Lasers = 300
• 5.6.2 Continuous-Wave Chemical CO Lasers = 302
• 5.6.3 CWCL's with Energy Transfer to Polyatomic Molecules = 305
• 5.7 Other Possible CWCL's Versions = 307
• 5.7.1 Standing-Detonation-Wave HF Chemical Laser = 307
• 5.7.2 16-㎛ Flowing-Gas DF-CO₂ Chemical Laser = 309
• 5.7.3 Continuous-Wave Optical Resonance Transfer HF Laser = 311
• 6. Oxygen-Iodine Chemical Laser - a New Candidate for Engineering Applications = 320
• 6.1 Experimental Results = 322
• 6.2 Singlet Oxygen Generators = 324
• 6.3 Kinetics of the Processes Occurring in the Active Medium of OICL = 328
• 6.4 Pulsed OICL's = 334
• 7. Photon Branching in Chain Reactions and IR-Radiation Initiated Chemical Lasers = 337
• References = 347
• Subject Index = 369