Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Tics are repetitive and uncontrolled behaviours associated with the abnormality of basal ganglia and frontal lobe that lead to impaired cognitive functions....
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Tics are repetitive and uncontrolled behaviours associated with the abnormality of basal ganglia and frontal lobe that lead to impaired cognitive functions. We investigated cognitive control of TS group using an oculomotor task-switching. Participants performed a peripheral conflict task and a latency task. The peripheral conflict task, task-switching consists of 2 task types (pro-saccade and anti-saccade) and 2 trial types (repetition and switch). There are 4 conditions: repeated pro-saccade trials, switched pro-saccade trials, repeated anti-saccade trials, and switched anti-saccade trials. In latency task, control task, participants were required to perform pro-saccade trials only. We found that TS group showed greater accuracy compared to control group in anti-saccade trials and switch trials in the peripheral conflict task. However there was no significant difference in reaction time between TS group and the control group. Both groups showed shorter duration and distance of eye movement in pro-saccade task than in anti-saccade task. The velocity of saccades did not exhibit the difference between groups. The results of conflict task indicate that TS group performs better than the control group in trials demanding high level of cognitive control, which is not caused by a general speed accuracy trade-off. And we found that TS group showed prolonged reaction time than control group in the control task. This result indicates that TS group perform poorer than the control group in trials performed automatically. The current study supports and extends previous findings that TS group exhibits improved cognitive control compared to age-matched controls in the task requiring high level of cognitive control and impairs the ability to perform automatic response than control group. This might be attributed to a compensatory strategy which young people with TS use to suppress tics.