The traditional opinion on our thought is well described in Descartes proposition, "cogito ergo sum." But evolutionary biology shows us that thought is only a 'scenario' which is operated in the brain with neuron, there is not ego, which has been beli...
The traditional opinion on our thought is well described in Descartes proposition, "cogito ergo sum." But evolutionary biology shows us that thought is only a 'scenario' which is operated in the brain with neuron, there is not ego, which has been believed as the subject of thought. These make us believe that mind is not a problem of ego, but a problem of brain science
On the basis of brain science and evolutionary theory, O. E. Wilson tried to prove our mind scientifically, which is explained by depending on metaphysics in the past. But Wilson's efforts to prove our mind scientifically couldn't succeed, for proving scientifically is the result of modern enlightenment movement, which is blamed of the instrumentalization of reason.
Consilience pursues to interconnect humanities and sciences, or fill up the gap of two cultures. However Wilson's consilience project has a difficulty to achieve such purpose at the present time, because it is full of the prejudice to humanities and social science, and the excessive favor of natural science. Wilson criticizes humanities is nothing but to interpret existing knowledge, social scientists seek a comfortable life in their narrow disciplines, and postmodernism blocks future investigations completely. Contrary he takes a respectful posture on natural science and has a tendency to scientism, that is to regard science as the best knowledge and the solution of all problems. We think Wilson's such attitude originates from his straightforward interpretation on history of knowledge and his narrow minded views on natural science. In this situation, it is the reason that we need the reflection on the consilience. In this project, we concentrate on some topics free will, coevolution of genes and culture, human morality as below.
Wilson suggested that problems of the social sciences and the humanities could be explained by way of the biological explanation model, that is to say Consilience Program. This program contains a biological explanation on the free will which has been generally a main problem of the humanities. But Wilson said that the free will is the master unsolved problem of biology. It means that a biological explanation on the free will is a key point in the biologization of the humanities.
What Wilson suggests for the understanding of culture based upon consilience is the theory of "coevolution of genes and culture". The core of the theory is that genes and culture are evolve together with each other through the following interrelation: genes are connected to culture through "epigenetic rules" and the environment caused by culture in return causes the selection and evolution of new epigenetic rules and their genes. In this regard, there is evolutionary biology at the heart of Wilson's consilience.
According to Wilson's sociobiological explanations, human morality is the result of evolutionary adaptations which were evolved in the process of natural selection because they were useful for our ancestors' survival and reproduction. Human morality is the product of gene culture coevolution. If the sociobiological explanations is correct, transcendentalism and moral realism are false, and morality has no objective foundations. The objectivity of morality is mere an illusion. On the basis of these explanations, Wilson argues that morality is essentially subjective and noncognitive, and that it is not possible to justify morality, but possible to explain morality causally. There is no justifying morality except for explaining causally that some ethical systems reflect scientific understandings of human nature and include more persisting ethical codes.