옥스퍼드 대학의 학풍과 칼리지 = The Academy and College of Oxford University

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A study of history of colleges, nowadays, gives great consideration as an area of historic researches.
It reflects that the institutional system and the organization of colleges have even social constitution and character of nation and society.
In fact, this might show its vision and perspective in the future.
Generally speaking, colleges were existed as merely 「universitas magistorumet scholiarum」 until French Revolution broke out. The first university colleges appeared in Paris at the end of the twelfth century.
These were nothing more than the modest pious foundation serving to provide shelter for a handful of students. The first genuine colleges were established in Paris. Then they were builted in England as well in the middle of the thirteenth century when the expansion of the universities was beginning to pose serious practical problems.
In Paris, the mention should be made of the colleges of the Sorbonne 1257 and of Harcourt 1280: in Oxford, there were Merton 1263-4, Balliol 1261-6 and University College around 1280, and as Cambridge, Perterhouse 1284.
Their organization took its inspiration in the main from that of the mendicant monasteries, which had been established as early as the 1220's within these universities, for the use of students belonging to these orders.
Endowed with land, properties, and rents, these colleges considered it their mission to take in a given number of students for a specified period of time.
The first colleges included establishment reserved for the use of the monks of a paticular abbey or order and which were more of less assimilated to priories.
Although there were more colleges at Paris than elsewhere, they were often small establishments meant for young students of arts; they had very little independence and were strictly supervised by the external authorities, whether ecclesiastical or university.
The English colleges were more independent and democratic fellows being predomintly bachelors of arts and theology students.
The College, or domus scholarium as it was first called, began as a boarding-house for poor students, then became an autonomous or semiautonomous academy community of men living and studying together in an endowed building.
Whoever their founders were, whether princes, important officers, ecclesiastical dignitaries, of former regents, the colleges of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries were regarded less as simple lodging-houses for 'poor scholars' and more as privileged institution serving to guarantee their members, at the price of a degree of discipline, the best conditions for work and study, in other words, to constitute a student elite. I should like to give consideration about humanism. Because it gave an impulse to academic tradition for english medieval colleges during the twelfth century. Humanism rediscovered the ancient authors, who as representatives of pagan antiquity, had fallen into oblivion. According to this view, humanism helped the secular motions of the ancients to make their way against Christian religious sentiment and against the scholastic philosophy.
Medieval studies have quite rightly reminded us of the point of shinning light in the 'dark' aged and have shown the revival of classical forms of culture and thought.
Humanism first appeared outside the universities, and a new generations it was assimilated by the main centre of society. Elite education in scientific and scholarly subjects had its completement in the efforts of the humainst to work out a pattern of seondary education as a preparation for study at the university as well as for political leadership and economic enterprise.