The English dialect grammar : comprising the dialects of England, of the Shetland and Orkney islands, and of those parts of Scotland, Ireland & Wales where English is habitually spoken

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIALECTS (1, 2) = 1
• CHAPTER Ⅰ PHONETIC ALPHABET AND THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE SIMPLE VOWELS DIPHTHONGS, TRIPHTHONGS, AND CONSONANTS(3-20) = 11
• CHAPTER Ⅱ THE VOWELS OF ACCENTED SYLLABLES ( 21-196) = 21
• The normal development of OE. EB = 21
• in originally closed syllables = 23
• a inthe combination ak = 24
• a in the combination aks = 25
• a in the combination a + sp,ss,st = 26
• a followed by so Mod. Eng. sh = 27
• a Preceded by w and not followed by a con sonant which has influenced the vowel = 28
• when the g in the combination a+g has remained in the dialects = 29
• OE. a and ○ before a single m or n = 30
• OE. a and ○ followed by nd = 31
• OE. a and ○ followed by ŋ = 32
• OE. a and ○ followed by ŋk = 33
• OE. a followed by mb = 34
• the development of the a in words like ／ fallow, gallows, tallow = 35
• the development of a(ea) before ht = 36
• the combination ar (＝OE. ear)+cons. = 37
• the combination al (eal) + cons. otherthan l,d,t = 38
• the combination al (eal) +t = 39
• the development of OE. eall, eal = 40
• the development of OE. eal + d = 41
• the normal development of OE. æ,(ea)in originally open syllables = 43
• the change from a falling to a rising diphthong = 44
• words which have undergone shortening at different periods = 45
• the 'develop- ment of OE. ær, ar = 46
• æ (a) followed by a single consonant + a suffix containing an 1, m, n, or r f = 47
• the development of ME. ai from OE. æg = 48
• the development of ME. an from OE. ag, aw = 49
• The normal development of OE e in originally closed syllables = 51
• e in the combination el + cons. other than d = 52
• e in the combination el+d = 52
• e followed by sc ＝ Mod Eng. sh = 53
• the OE. combination we = 54
• OE. e followed by n, n + cons., or q = 55
• OE. eor + cons. = 56
• the OE. combination eht, eoht = 57
• the normal development of OE. e in originally open syllables = 59
• words which have undergone shortening at different periods = 60
• the dialect forms of breach and break = 61
• words which have gen. had the same development as short e in closed syllables = 62
• the dialect forms of aneath and beneath = 63
• the development of ME. eifrom OE. eg = 64
• OE. er not followed by another consonant = 65
• OE. eow = 66
• The normal development of OE. i = 68
• the development of the combination wi = 69
• i followed by 1k = 70
• i followed byq or ŋk = 71
• i followed by J = 72
• i followed by Id = 73
• i followed by nib = 74
• i followed bynd = 75
• the combination ir + cons. = 76
• the ME. combination iht = 77
• medial OE. ig = 78
• the dialect forms of live and sieve = 79
• the dialect forms of beetle (insect)and week = 80
• The normal development of OE. o in originally closed syllables = 82
• the change of o to a or & = 83
• o followed by ft = 84
• o followed by st = 85
• the development of ol in the combination ol + cons. = 86
• the development of or in the combination or + cons. = 87
• words which have undergone shortening = 88
• the development of o in the combination o+ht = 90
• the normal development of OE.o in originally open syllables = 93
• the dialect forms of body and holly = 94
• words containing the suffix -en = 95
• ME. ou from OE. og = 96
• The normal development of OE.u = 98
• the change of u to lore before a following nasal = 100
• the change of u to o before a following nasal = 101
• the dialect forms of borough, furrow, and through = 102
• the lengthening of u, in come and crumb = 103
• the development of u before a following nd, Id, or g = 104
• the development oftir + cons. = 107
• The normal development of OE. y = 109
• y before ll = 110
• y + singlenasal = 111
• y + ld = 113
• y+ nd = 114
• yr+cons. = 115
• the combination yht = 116
• the dialect forms of buy = 117
• the dialect forms of blush, bundle, crutch, dull, much, muck, shut, stubble = 118
• PAGES 21 - 173 (confd.)
• The normal development of OE. $$\bar a$$ = 121
• words which have undergone shortening = 122
• the development of initial $$\bar a$$ or h$$\bar a$$ = 123
• the development of final $$\bar a$$ = 124
• the development of final w$$\bar a$$ preceded by a consonant = 125
• the development of OE. ar = 126
• OE. $$\bar a$$W = 127
• OE. $$\bar a$$g = 128
• words which have undergone shortening at various periods in the dialects = 129
• The normal development of Germanic $$\bar æ$$ = 131
• words which have undergone early or late shortening in the dialects = 132
• the development of OE. seg, Anglian $$\bar e$$g = 133
• the development of OE. $$\bar æ$$r = 134
• the dialect development of words which underwent early shortening in the lit. language = 135
• The normal development of OE. $$\bar æ$$ 〓 i - umlaut of $$\bar a$$ = 137
• words which have undergone early or late shortening in the dialects = 138
• the development of OE. $$\bar æ$$g = 139
• the dialect development of words which underwent early shortening in the lit. language = 140
• The normal development of OE. $$\bar e$$ ＝ i - umlaut of $$\bar d$$ = 142
• the dialect development of words which underwent early shortening in the lit. language = 143
• The normal development of OE. $$\bar e$$＝older $$\bar i$$e, partly arising from the i - umlaut of $$\bar e$$a, $$\bar e$$o, and partly arising from ecthlipsis = 145
• words which have undergone late shortening in the dialects = 146
• the develop - ment of old $$\bar e$$ in die, hay, height, tie = 147
• the dialect development of words which underwent early shortening in the lit. language = 149
• The normal development of OE. $$\bar e$$ which arose from lengthening in monosyllables = 151
• The normal development of OE. i = 154
• words which have undergone shortening in the dialects = 155
• the development of $$\bar i$$ in the combination $$\bar i$$l = 156
• the development of final $$\bar i$$ = 157
• the develop - ment ofOE. $$\bar i$$r = 158
• the development of OE. $$\bar i$$w = 159
• the dialect development of words which underwent early shortening in the lit. language = 160
• The normal development of OE. $$\bar o$$ = 162
• words which have undergone shortening in the dialects = 163
• the development of final $$\bar o$$, or when $$\bar o$$ became final through the loss of n = 164
• the development of $$\bar o$$r. = 165
• the development of $$\bar o$$ in the combina - tion $$\bar o$$ht = 166
• the development of OE, $$\bar o$$h,, $$\bar o$$○ = 167
• the development of OE. $$\bar o$$w = 168
• the dialect development of words which have undergone shortening in the lit. language = 169
• The normal development of OE. $$\bar u$$ = 171
• words which have undergone shortening in the dialects = 172
• the dialect development of words which underwent early shortening in the lit. language = 173
• the development of OE. $$\bar u$$r = 174
• the development ofOE. $$\bar u$$g and $$\bar u$$h. = 175
• The normal development of OE. $$\bar y$$ = 177
• the dialect forms of dry, sky, and why = 178
• the develop - ment of OE. $$\bar y$$r = 179
• the dialect development of words which underwent early shortening in the lit. language = 180
• The normal development of OE. $$\bar e$$a = 182
• words which have undergone shortening in the dialects = 183
• the OE. combination $$\bar e$$ag = 184
• the OE. combination $$\bar e$$ag = 185
• the OE. combination $$\bar e$$aw = 186
• the OE. combination $$\bar e$$ar = 187
• the dialect development of words which underwent early shortening in the lit. language = 188
• The normal development of OE. $$\bar e$$o = 190
• words which have undergone shortening in the dialects = 191
• when the $$\bar e$$o was final in OE. or its equivalent became final in ME. through loss of a consonant = 192
• the development ofOE. $$\bar e$$ow = 193
• the development of OE. $$\bar e$$og, $$\bar e$$oh = 194
• the OE. combination $$\bar e$$or = 195
• the dialect development of words which underwent early shortening in the lit. language = 196
• CHAPTER Ⅲ THE FRENCH ELEMENT (197-226) = 174
• Words which in the lit. language have ce written a = 198
• the combination af = 199
• the combination al = 200
• the combination ar+cons. = 201
• words which in the lit. language have an (written an, aun)+ cons. = 202
• the development in words like ball, balm, &c. = 203
• words which in the lit. language have ei written a = 204
• words which in the lit. lan - guage have ei written ai, ay ei = 205
• words which in the lit. language have ei (written a) + nasal + cons. = 206
• words which in the lit. language have ea written air, eir = 207
• Words which in the lit. language have e written e, ea = 209
• words which in the lit. language have e+cons. written ear, er, ur+cons = 210
• PAGES 174-200(contd)
• Words which in the lit. language have i = 211
• Words which in the lit. language have o = 212
• words which in the lit. language have oi written oi, oy = 213
• words which in the lit. language have ou written o, oa, oo, ou. = 214
• words which in the lit. language have u written o, oo = 215
• words which in the lit. language have ○ written a, an, aw, or, oar, our = 217
• Words which in the lit. language have u = 218
• words which in the lit. language have 's written o, ou, u = 219
• Words which in the lit. language have $$\bar i$$written ay. e, ea, ee, ei, eo, ie = 220
• Words which in the lit. language have $$\bar u$$(occurring chiefly after 1, r) or $$\bar u$$i written u, ue, ui = 221
• Words which in the lit. language have ai written i, ui, y = 223
• words which in the lit, language have aia written ia, ie, io = 224
• Words which in the lit. language have au written ou, ow = 225
• Words which in the lit. language have j& written eau, ew, iew, u, ui, ue = 226
• CHAPTER Ⅳ
• VOWELS OF UNACCENTED SYLLABLES = 227
• a in initial syllables followed by the principal accent = 228
• a in syllables preceded by the principal accent = 229
• i in initial syllables followed by the principal accent = 230
• i in syllables preceded by the principal accent = 231
• Loss of vowel or syllable in initial syllables followed by the principal accent = 232
• loss of vowel or syllable in syllables preceded by the principal accent = 233
• Svarabhakti vowels = 234
• Weak forms and particles = 235
• CHAPTER Ⅴ
• THE CONSONANTS (236-367) = 207
• The semi - vowels :
• Initial w+vowel = 236
• initial wr = 237
• initial SW = 238
• initial dw = 239
• initial hw = 240
• initial kw = 241
• initial tw = 242
• initial pw = 243
• the development of a w before a back vowel preceded by a cons. = 244
• medial w+final vowel = 245
• medial w preceded by a vowel or diphthong = 246
• loss of medial w = 247
• OE. initial j = 248
• the development of a medial j after a consonant = 249
• the retention of medial j = 250
• The liquids : 1 = 251
• r = 259
• The nasals : m = 265
• n = 266
• G = 272
• The labials : p = 275
• b = 276
• f = 277
• v = 281
• The dentals : t = 282
• d = 296
• p,S = 309
• The sibilants : s,z = 319
• sc,∫ = 337
• The gutturals : c = 334-343
• i,g = 344-354
• h = 355
• The French element : k = 363
• S = 364
• J = 365
• dg = 366
• ts = 367
• CHAPTER Ⅵ = 258
• The Articles : The indef. article = 368
• the def. article = 371
• Nouns : Formation of the plural = 376
• formation of the genitive case = 387
• gender = 393
• Adjectives : General remarks = 394
• com-parison ofadjectives = 398
• cardinal numerals = 399
• ordinal numerals = 400
• fractional and othernumerals = 401
• Pronouns : Personal = 402
• possessive = 411
• reflexive = 415
• demonstrative = 416
• interrogative = 422
• relative = 423
• Verbs : The classification of verbs = 424
• verbal endings, &c. = 435
• Adverbs = 444
• INDEX = 301