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      소비에트-폴란드 전쟁(1919~1921)과 볼셰비키의 세계 혁명관 변화 = The Soviet-Polish War (1919-1921) and the Bolsheviks` Changing View of World Revolution

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102001765

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      This study is an inquiry into the impact of the Soviet-Polish War (1919-1921) on the course of revolutionary government during the Civil War period as a “formative experience.” Through the war, the Bolshevik leaders made a first attempt to export the socialist revolution to Poland and other countries on the principle of the international communism. At the Battle of Warsaw in August 1920, however, the Red Army was repulsed by Poland and thus the Bolsheviks’ euphoria of World Socialist Republic completely shattered. Many scholars have examined the war in various aspects, but are not enough to explain its influences on the Soviet leaders, which had finally caused changes of their perception and policy on the world revolution. This study sheds light on such a historical trace and argues that the Bolsheviks acted as Realpolitiker responding to fluctuating circumstances, rather than doctrinaires who persistently pursued the world revolution on the basis of their communist ideology. The Bolsheviks did not call into question those ideological “inconsistencies” which would take place in reality, simply if they could achieve the final goals. The fiasco of the Soviet-Polish War changed the Bolsheviks’ view of world revolution to a great extent. The Bolshevik leaders realized that the spread of socialist revolution to foreign countries should be understood not on the basis of the Marxist dogma, but as a possibility to be put into practice through desperate struggles with imperialist powers. Otherwise the regime would be threatened itself. It was through the defeat of the Soviet-Polish War that the Bolsheviks could recognize the necessity of peaceful coexistence with the capitalist states and the importance of rapid development into a strong state with modern industry and powerful armed forces. The ideal of world revolution was gradually encroached. (Seoul National University/turambar@snu.ac.kr)
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      This study is an inquiry into the impact of the Soviet-Polish War (1919-1921) on the course of revolutionary government during the Civil War period as a “formative experience.” Through the war, the Bolshevik leaders made a first attempt to export ...

      This study is an inquiry into the impact of the Soviet-Polish War (1919-1921) on the course of revolutionary government during the Civil War period as a “formative experience.” Through the war, the Bolshevik leaders made a first attempt to export the socialist revolution to Poland and other countries on the principle of the international communism. At the Battle of Warsaw in August 1920, however, the Red Army was repulsed by Poland and thus the Bolsheviks’ euphoria of World Socialist Republic completely shattered. Many scholars have examined the war in various aspects, but are not enough to explain its influences on the Soviet leaders, which had finally caused changes of their perception and policy on the world revolution. This study sheds light on such a historical trace and argues that the Bolsheviks acted as Realpolitiker responding to fluctuating circumstances, rather than doctrinaires who persistently pursued the world revolution on the basis of their communist ideology. The Bolsheviks did not call into question those ideological “inconsistencies” which would take place in reality, simply if they could achieve the final goals. The fiasco of the Soviet-Polish War changed the Bolsheviks’ view of world revolution to a great extent. The Bolshevik leaders realized that the spread of socialist revolution to foreign countries should be understood not on the basis of the Marxist dogma, but as a possibility to be put into practice through desperate struggles with imperialist powers. Otherwise the regime would be threatened itself. It was through the defeat of the Soviet-Polish War that the Bolsheviks could recognize the necessity of peaceful coexistence with the capitalist states and the importance of rapid development into a strong state with modern industry and powerful armed forces. The ideal of world revolution was gradually encroached. (Seoul National University/turambar@snu.ac.kr)

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 류한수, "탈계급화인가? 탈볼셰비키화인가?-러시아 내전기 페트로그라드 노동계급 의식의 동향-" 한국서양사학회 (96) : 59-86, 2008

      2 노경덕, "얄타 회담 다시 보기" 역사연구소 (87) : 317-349, 2016

      3 노경덕, "스탈린 시대 소련의 대외 관계, 1926-1953: 해석사" 한국슬라브․유라시아학회 27 (27): 127-156, 2012

      4 Isaac Deutscher, "무장한 예언자 트로츠키, 1879-1921" 필맥 613-616, 2005

      5 "러시아 국립 사회정치사 문서보관소(Российский Государственный АрхивСоциально-Политической Истории), ф.17, оп.3, д.72, л.1"

      6 Leon Trotsky, "나의 생애(하)" 범우사 2001

      7 И. В. Сталин, "Сочинения, т.4" 332-333,

      8 Сталин, "Соч., т.5" 167-,

      9 M. И. Мельтюхов, "Советско-польские войны. Военно-политическое противостояние 1918-1939 гг" 2001

      10 "Собрание узаконений и распоряжений правительства за 1921 г."

      1 류한수, "탈계급화인가? 탈볼셰비키화인가?-러시아 내전기 페트로그라드 노동계급 의식의 동향-" 한국서양사학회 (96) : 59-86, 2008

      2 노경덕, "얄타 회담 다시 보기" 역사연구소 (87) : 317-349, 2016

      3 노경덕, "스탈린 시대 소련의 대외 관계, 1926-1953: 해석사" 한국슬라브․유라시아학회 27 (27): 127-156, 2012

      4 Isaac Deutscher, "무장한 예언자 트로츠키, 1879-1921" 필맥 613-616, 2005

      5 "러시아 국립 사회정치사 문서보관소(Российский Государственный АрхивСоциально-Политической Истории), ф.17, оп.3, д.72, л.1"

      6 Leon Trotsky, "나의 생애(하)" 범우사 2001

      7 И. В. Сталин, "Сочинения, т.4" 332-333,

      8 Сталин, "Соч., т.5" 167-,

      9 M. И. Мельтюхов, "Советско-польские войны. Военно-политическое противостояние 1918-1939 гг" 2001

      10 "Собрание узаконений и распоряжений правительства за 1921 г."

      11 "Собрание узаконений и распоряжений правительства за 1920 г"

      12 П. Н. Ольшанский, "Рижский мир. Из историиборьбы Советского правительства за установление мир. отношений с Польшей. конец 1918-март 1921 гг" 1969

      13 "РГАСПИ, ф.17, оп.3, д.96, л.1"

      14 "РГАСПИ, ф.17, оп.3, д.94, л.1"

      15 "РГАСПИ, ф.17, оп.3, д.106, л.2"

      16 "РГАСПИ, ф.17, оп.3, д.103, л.1-2"

      17 О. А. Пятницкий, "Протоколы конгрессов коммунистическогоинтернационала. Второй конгресс Коминтерна, июль-август 1920 г." 1934

      18 Н. Н. Попова, "Протоколы десятого съезда РКП(б)" 505-568, 1933

      19 И. В. Михутина, "Польско-советская война 1919-1920 гг" 1994

      20 И. И. Костюшко, "Польско-Советская война 1919-1920(Ранее не опубликованные документы и материалы), ч.1, 2" 1994

      21 В. И. Ленин, "Полное собрание сочинений, т.41" 109-110,

      22 Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.51" 266-,

      23 Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.44" 34-37,

      24 Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.43" 19-21,

      25 Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.43" 10-,

      26 Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.42" 129-,

      27 Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.41" 324-,

      28 Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.41" 345-347,

      29 Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.41" 283-284,

      30 Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.41" 120-,

      31 Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.38" 139-,

      32 В. И. Ленин, "Полн. собр. соч., т.25" 296-297,

      33 C. В. Полторак, "Победоносное поражение. Размышления о советско-польской войне в канун ее 75-летия" 1994

      34 П. А. Родионова, "Ленин о Польше и польском рабочем движении. Статьи, речи, документы, письма" 397-, 1990

      35 Р. А. Ермолаева, "Ленин и польское рабочее движение" 1971

      36 И. С. Яжборовская, "Коммунистическая партия Польши и идеи Октября, 1918-1923 гг" 1967

      37 Я С. Драбкин, "Коминтерн и идея мировой революции. Документы" 39-187, 1998

      38 Ф. Э. Дзержинский, "Избранные произведения, т.1" 291-292, 1967

      39 И. С. Яжборовской, "Документы и материалы по истории советско-польских отношений, т.3" 1965

      40 Г. К. Деева, "Документы внешней политики СССР, т.2, 3, 5" 1958

      41 А. Болотин, "Девятая конференция РКП(б). сентябрь 1920 года. Протоколы" 1972

      42 А. П. Исаев, "Война с Польшей. Россия за линией фронта" 1999

      43 А. В. Квашонкин, "Большевистское руководство. Переписка. 1912-1927. Сборник документов" 144-158, 1996

      44 Józef Piłsudski, "Year 1920 and Its Climax: Battle of Warsaw during the Polish-Soviet War 1919-1920" vii-, 1972

      45 Andrzej Peplonski, "Wywiad w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej, 1919-1920" 1999

      46 Zbigniew Karpus, "Wschodni sojusznicy Polski w wojne 1920 roku" 1999

      47 Andrzej Koryn, "Wojna polsko-sowiecka 1920 roku: przebieg walk i tło międzynarodowe" 1991

      48 Adam Daniel Rotfeld, "White Spots Black Spots:Difficult Matters in Polish-Russian Relations 1918-2008" 2015

      49 Daria Nałęcz, "White Spots Black Spots: Difficult Matters in Polish-Russian Relations 1918-2008" 21-, 1921

      50 Norman Davies, "White Eagle Red Star: The Polish-Soviet War 1919-1920 and ‘the Miracle on the Vistula’" 1972

      51 Adam Zamoyski, "Warsaw 1920: Lenin’s Failed Conquest of Europe" 2008

      52 Oliver H. Radkey, "The Unknown Civil War in Soviet Russia: A Study of Green Movement in the Tambov Region 1920-1921" 1976

      53 Jerzy Borzęcki, "The Soviet-Polish Peace of 1921 and the Creation of Interwar Europe" 2008

      54 John P. Sontag, "The Soviet War Scare of 1926-27" 34 (34): 66-77, 1975

      55 John Erickson, "The Soviet High Command: A Military-Political History, 1918-1941" 784-785, 2001

      56 Norman Davies, "The Soviet High Command and the Battle of Warsaw" 23 (23): 575-576, 1972

      57 William H. Chamberlin, "The Russian Revolution, vol.2" 297-317, 1935

      58 Evan Mawdsley, "The Russian Civil Wa" 14-16, 1987

      59 Gabriel Gorodetsky, "The Precarious Truce: Anglo-Soviet Relations 1924-27" 7-13, 1977

      60 Stanisław Dąbrowski, "The Peace Treaty of Riga" 5 (5): 3-34, 1960

      61 E. H. Carr, "The Interregnum 1923-1924" 1954

      62 Warren Lerner, "The Historical Origins of the Soviet Doctrine of Peaceful Coexistence" 29 (29): 865-870, 1964

      63 Norman Davies, "The Genesis of the Polish-Soviet War" 5 (5): 59-, 1975

      64 Silvana Malle, "The Economic Organization of War Communism, 1918-1921" 84-, 1985

      65 Janusz Szczepański, "Społeczeństwo Polski w walce z najazdem bolszewickim 1920 roku" 2000

      66 Piotr S. Wandycz, "Soviet-Polish Relations, 1917-1921" 1969

      67 Chung-cheng Chiang, "Soviet Russia in China: A Summing-up at Seventy" 21-22, 1957

      68 Stephen Blank, "Soviet National Policy and Soviet Foreign Policy: The Polish Case, 1917-1921" 7 (7): 103-128, 1985

      69 Dale T. Lahey, "Soviet Ideological Development of Coexistence: 1917-1927" 6 : 80-94, 1964

      70 Maurice Dobb, "Soviet Economic Development since 1917" 98-100, 1966

      71 Piotr S. Wandycz, "Secret Soviet-Polish Peace Talks in 1919" 25 (25): 425-429, 1965

      72 Thomas C. Fiddick, "Russia’s Retreat from Poland, 1920: From Permanent Revolution to Peaceful Coexistence" 1990

      73 Thomas C. Fiddick, "Russia’s Retreat from Poland, 1920: From Permanent Revolution to Peaceful Coexistence" 1990

      74 Jonathan Haslam, "Russia’s Cold War: From the October Revolution to the Fall of the Wall" 1-5, 2011

      75 Fred Halliday, "Revolution and World Politics: The Rise and Fall of the Sixth Great Power" 1999

      76 Clara Zetkin, "Reminiscences of Lenin" 20-, 1929

      77 W. Bruce Lincoln, "Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War" 1989

      78 Olga Velikanova, "Popular Perceptions of Soviet Politics in the 1920s: Disenchantment of the Dreamers" 2013

      79 Stanisław Bieleń, "Polska-Rosja czas przewartościowań" 1995

      80 Andrzej Nowak, "Polska i trzy Rosje: studium polityki wschodniej Józefa Piłsudskiego (do kwietnia 1920 roku)" 2001

      81 Nikita S. Khrushchev, "On Peaceful Coexistence" 38 (38): 1-18, 1959

      82 Andrzej Nowak, "Od imperium do imperium: spojrzenia na historię Europy Wschodniej" 2004

      83 Geoffrey Roberts, "Moscow and the Marshall Plan: Politics, Ideology and the Onset of the Cold War, 1947" 46 (46): 1382-1383, 1994

      84 Bryant F. Russell, "Lord D’Abernon, the Anglo-French Mission, and the Battle of Warsaw 1920" 38 (38): 546-, 1990

      85 Stephen Brown, "Lenin, Stalin, and the Failure of the Red Army in the Soviet-Polish War of 1920" 14 (14): 35-54, 1996

      86 Piero Melograni, "Lenin and the Myth of World Revolution: Ideology and Reasons of State, 1917-1920" 1989

      87 M. K. Dziewanowski, "Joseph Piłsudski, the Bolshevik Revolution and Eastern Europe" 14 (14): 29-, 1969

      88 Vladimir Lenin, "In Defence of the Russian Revolution: A Selection of Bolshevik Writings, 1917-1923" 142-, 1995

      89 Leon Trotsky, "How the Revolution Armed: The Military Writings and Speeches of Leon Trotsky vol.1, 3" 1979

      90 Piotr S. Wandycz, "General Weygand and the Battle of Warsaw of 1920" 20 : 357-365, 1960

      91 R. W. Davies, "From Tsarism to the New Economic Policy" 329-330, 1991

      92 Adam B. Ulam, "Expansion and Coexistence: The History of Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917-67" 3-30, 1968

      93 Teddy J. Uldricks, "Diplomacy and Ideology: The Origins of Soviet Foreign Relations, 1917-1930" 73-74, 1979

      94 H. J. Elcock, "Britain and the Russo-Polish Frontier 1919-1921" 12 (12): 151-, 1969

      95 Sheila Fitzpatrick, "Bolshevik Culture: Experiment and Order in the Russian Revolution" 57-76, 1985

      96 Norman Davies, "August 1920" 3 (3): 270-, 1973

      97 Richard H. Ullman, "Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1917-1921, vol.3, The Anglo-Soviet Accord" Princeton 1972

      98 E. H. Carr, "A History of Soviet Russia: The Bolshevik Revolution 1917-1923, vol.3" 1953

      99 E. H. Carr, "A History of Soviet Russia: The Bolshevik Revolution 1917-1923, vol.2, 3" 1953

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      2022-01-01 평가 등재학술지 유지 (재인증) KCI등재
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      2016 0.2 0.2 0.23
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