Women's Leisure in Korean Social Culture

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of the study was to analyze Korean women's travel behavior in comparison with Korean men's travel behavior. This study also reviewed women's different leisure and travel behavior from men's. Social Network Analysis has been referred to as an efficient. Gender issues in leisure and travel have been an interesting issue among many researchers and have been addressed since the 1960s. The study results of researchers like Henderson (1990, 1996), Henderson and Rannells (1988), and Wearing and Wearing (1988) gave us important insights.
This study has examined the gender differences in people's social networks and leisure behavior. Also, Korean old women's leisure behavior was analyzed in terms of gender differences. Park's study (1997) was mainly quoted here to examine the gender differences of Korean older adults' travel behaviors and social networks. A sample of 100 Korean older adults who were 55 and over and had previous travel experience within the past year was selected by a snowball sampling method.
Males and females also show different travel patterns regarding travel type and travel companions. For instance, the majority of males with strong ties to their extended and immediate family preferred a family trip while the majority of females in the category did a group tour. With respect to travel companions, females were more likely to have traveled with their immediate family only.
This study analyzed structures of existing community relationships that encourage recreation and tourism participation. The Gye turned out to be an important social network structure of Korean older adults' travel behavior. In the structure of Gyes, the secretary or the president plays an important role as a travel information provider as well as a travel organizer. That is, these people were in the center of people's social networks in this study. This finding has important implications for leisure and tourism culture in Korea because people in the center of a social network structure may be more influential than noncentral people in influencing decisions about community tourism experience.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 한국여성의 여가와 관광행동의 특성을 사회문화적 측면에서 분석하려고 시도하였다. 한국여성의 여가, 관광행동은 사회학에서 널리 활용되는 사회구조망 분석법 (Social Network Analysis)을 활용하여 분석되었다. 여가, 관광분야에서 여성이라는 주제는 1960년대 이후 미국과 유럽에서 흥미있는 주제로서 많이 연구되어져 왔다. Henderson (1990, 1996), Henderson and Rannells (1988), and Wearing and Wearing (1988)의 연구는 여성의 여가와 관광문화를 이해하는데 중요한 단초를 제공하고 있다.
이 연구에서는 사회문화적인 측면에서 한국노인들의 사회구조망 (social networks)과 여가행동을 분석하고자 하였다. 또한 한국노인여성들의 여가행동이 한국노인남성들의 여가행동과 어떠한 차이를 보이며 어떠한 특성이 있는지 알아보려고 한다.
이 연구는 흥미있고 놀랄만한 몇가지 결과를 보여주고 있다. 연구결과에 따르면 연구대상이 된 한국노인여성들은 그들의 사회구조망에서 한국노인남성들보다 강한 유대강도를 보여주었다. 한국노인남성들은 직계가족들과 강한 유대감을 나타낸 반면 여성들은 다소 상이한 유대감을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 미국이나 유럽에서 제시된 기존 연구들의 결과인 이러한 지역의 여성들은 그들의 직계가족과 강한 유대관계를 가지고 있다는 분석결과와 차이가 큼을 알 수 있다.
연구의 대상이 된 한국노인여성들은 여행유형과 여행동반자도 한국노인남성들과 차이를 보이고 있다. 예를 들면, 대부분의 남성들이 직계가족 (immediate family)이나 확장가족 (extended family)으로 구성된 가족관광을 선호한 반면 대부분의 여성들은 직계가족들과 같이 하는 단체관광 (group tour)을 선호하였다.
이 연구의 결과는 지역사회에서의 관계구조가 어떻게 지역의 노인여성들의 여가와 관광참여에 영향을 미치는 지도 분석하였다. 연구결과, 지역의 한국노인여성들이 흔히 가입하는 ‘계’라는 모임이 이들의 여가와 관광행동에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. ‘계’의 사회구조에서는 계주가 여행조직과 관광정보제공자로서 아주 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 다시 말해서 계주는 계라는 조직에 가입한 한국노인여성들의 사회구조망에서 핵심적인 역할을 담당하고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 한국의 지역사회문화에서는 주민들의 사회구조망을 분석하여 누가 핵심위치에 있는지를 파악하는 것이 이들의 여가, 관광체험을 이해하는데 중요한 요인이라는 결과를 보여주고 있다.

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