The Structural Adaptation of Aerial Parts of Invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides to Water Regime

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Alternanthera philoxeroides has successfully

invaded diverse habitats with considerably various water

availability, threatening biological diversity in many parts

of the world. Because its genetic variation is very low,

phenotypic plasticity is believed to be the primary strategy

for adapting to the diverse habitats. In the present paper, we

investigated the plastic changes of anatomical traits of the

aerial parts of A. philoxeroides from flooding to wet then to

drought habitat; the results are as follows: A. philoxeroides

could change anatomical structures sensitively to adapt to

water regime. As a whole, effects of water regime on

structures in stem were greater than those in leaf. Except for

principal vein diameter and stoma density on leaf surfaces,

all other structural traits were significantly affected by

water regime. Among which, cuticular wax layer, collenchyma

cell wall, phloem fiber cell wall, and hair density on

both leaf surfaces thickened significantly with decrease of

water availability, whereas, pith cavity and vessel lumen in

stem lessened significantly; wet habitat is vital for the

spread of A. philoxeroides from flooding to drought habitat

and vice versa, because in this habitat, it had the greatest

structural variations; when switching from flooding to wet

then to drought habitat, the variations of cuticular wax

layer, collenchyma cell wall, phloem fiber cell wall, pith

cavity area ratio, diameter of vessel lumen, and hair density

on both leaf surfaces, played the most important role. These

responsive variables contribute most to the adaptation of A.

philoxeroides to diverse habitats with considerably various

water availability.

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