민주주의에 있어서 대화의 중요성 공론장에서의 의사소통행위로서의 정치적 대화

국문 초록 (Abstract)

셧슨(Schudson, 1997)은 “대화는 왜 민주주의의 핵심이 아닌가”라는 글에서 대화는 민주주의와 관계가 없고, ‘법칙지배적’이고 ‘문제해결적’인 민주적 대화만이 중요하다고 주장한다. 이 글은 하버마스의 의사소통행위와 공론장 이론, 그리고 기든스의 구조의 이중성 등의 개념에 의존하여 대화에 대한 셧슨의 도구적 관점을 다음과 같이 비판한다. (1) 정치적 대화는 의사소통 행위로서, 문제해결적인 전략적 대화라기보다는 비공식적이고 사적이며 비목적적이고 사교적인 대화이다. (2) 대화는 커뮤니케이션 이성의 근원으로서 공중의 이성과 의견의 질을 높여준다. (3) 대화는 뉴스 매체와 여론을 연결한다. (4) 대화는 사적 영역과 공적 영역을 연결시켜 주는 교량의 기능을 담당한다. (5) 대화는 민주적 규칙에 의해 지배될 뿐만 아니라 민주주의를 위한 규칙과 자원을 생산한다. 우리는 대화를 통해 자아와 타인의 정체성을 구성하고, 공동체를 위한 상호 이해에 도달하며, 커뮤니케이션 이성을 확립한다. 또한 대화는 사적인 삶의 의미와 공적 이슈들을 연결시켜 주며, 우리로 하여금 원칙에 대한 일반적 합의에 이를 수 있게 해주고, 그럼으로써 정치적 세계의 일부가 되게 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In his essay, “Why Conversation is Not the Soul of Democracy,” Schudson (1997) argues that conversation has little to do with democracy and that only “rule governed” and “problem solving” democratic talk matters. Relying mainly on Habermas’s theories of the communicative action and the public sphere and Giddens’s concepts of the “duality of structure,” this essay criticizes Schudson’s instrumental view as follows: (1) political conversation, as communicative action, should be conceived as informal, private, non purposive and “sociable” talk rather than “problem solving” strategic talk; (2) conversation, as the source of communicative reason, enhances the quality of public reason and opinions; (3) conversation connects the news media and public opinion; (4) conversation bridges between the private and the public spheres; and (5) conversation is not only governed by democratic rules but it also produces the rules and resources for democracy. Conversation is a process through which we construct the self and the other, achieve mutual understanding for community, establish communicative reason, reach general consensus on principles, connect the meanings of our private lives to public issues, and become a part of the political world.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 초록
  
• 1. 서론 : 공론장과 정치적 대화
  
• 2. 의사소통행위와 사교적 대화
  
• 3. 커뮤니케이션 이성의 조건으로서의 대화
  
• 4. 구조의 이중성 : 대화의 규칙과 자원
  
• 5. 사적인 영역에서의 공적인 사안에 관한 대화의 중요성
  
• 6. 여론 형성의 원천으로서의 대화
  
• 7. 맺는 글
  
• 참고문헌
  
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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