Comparison of Axi-symmetric Single-Hole Nozzle with Multi-Hole Sac Nozzles = Comparison of Axi-symmetric Single-Hole Nozzle with Multi-Hole Sac Nozzles

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It is well know that the internal flow field and nozzle geometry affect the spray behavior, but without high-speed microscopic visualization, it is difficult to characterize the spray structure in details. Single-hole Diesel injectors have been used in fundamental spray research, while most direct-injection engines use multi-hole nozzle to tailor the fuel spray to the combustion chamber geometry. Recent engine trends also use smaller orifice and higher injection pressure. This paper discussed the quasi-steady near-nozzle Diesel spray structures of an axisymmetric single-hole nozzle and a symmetric two-hole nozzle configuration, with a nominal nozzle size of 130 ㎛. Both nozzle holes originate from a sac of identical geometry, but different flow structure inside the nozzle cause significant difference in the observed flow structure near the nozzle exit. The ultrafast fast Phase-contrast X-ray images revealed unique surface and internal morphology of the fuel sprays that can be identified. The two-hole nozzle produces much more unstable jet structure under same injection conditions. The early wavelength developed in the jet is measured to be 30~80 ㎛, depending on the injection conditions. The differences between the nozzle configurations are investigated using CFD simulation. The results show that the three-dimensional fluid flow entering the two-hole nozzle generates stronger streamline curvature and stream-wise vortices which are by default absent in the axisymmetric single-hole nozzle. It also produces thicker shear layer and higher turbulence. The interactions of downwash entrance flow with turbulence potentially enhance the instability and produce wider spray cone angles. The number of holes also has interesting effects on the strength of the vortices and the downwash.