충북지역 환경갈등의 경향과 특성 = Trends and Characteristics of Environmental Conflicts in Chungbuk

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently environmental crisis has been getting aggravated, and citizens have increasingly called for pleasant environment and better quality of life. In the mid 1990s, the Korean society went through major changes. The local autonomous system came back to life and professional environmental organizations were formed by region. It was during this period that local residents and civil society engaged in earnest activities in response to a flood of factories producing bottled water and businesses designed to develop Mujang-dae and Yonghwa Hot Spring. Environmental problems came to attract a lot of attention as a big issue in this society, and preventative measures against environmental conflicts and rational solutions to them were regarded as urgent challenges at regional and national level. This study is designed to make an analysis of some cases that can represent environmental conflicts unfolded in North Chungcheong Province, to figure out their tendencies and characteristics and to make policy-related suggestions for rational solutions for them.
This study consists of six chapters. Chapter 1, the introduction, gives an overview of this research: the background, the purpose, the scope and the methods. Chapter 2, the theoretical examination, describes theories on environment, social conflicts and environmental conflicts, and findings from previous research. Chapter 3, the analytic framework, selects representative cases involving environmental crisis for the purpose of research, establishes analytic factors for the systematic comparison and analysis of their respective features, and distinguishes the attributes. A frequency analytic framework, an analytic framework for period-based characteristics and an analytic framework for subject-role correlation are presented. Chapter 4 divides the process of the unfoldment of environment conflicts in the region into five periods in line with the terms of the heads of the local autonomous entity, taking a brief look at their flow and features.
Chapter 5 analyses the characteristics of the cases involving environmental conflict according to the given analytic framework, summarizes the findings and makes policy-related suggestions. Chapter 6, the conclusion, puts together and organizes the findings in general and points out the accomplishments and limitation of this research.
32 cases were selected as representative environmental conflicts in North Chungcheong Province out of a total of 178 cases released as 10 major environmental news in the region over the 1995-2012 period, and they were expressed by period in a variety of ways. The first period of environmental conflict, which ranged from 1995 to 1998, refers to ‘a period of explosive environmental conflicts,’ when a diversity of significant problems arose simultaneously. The second period refers to ‘a period of conflict expression by region and basin,’ which ranged from 1999 to 2002. The third period refers to ‘a period of focus on the four-river project,’ which ranged from 2007 to 2010. The fifth period refers to ‘a period of transition for environmental crisis,’ which extends from the year 2011 to the present.
The following are the findings. First, the conflicts among environmental issues were given much weight, but reduced as the areas of policy cooperation were expanded in the late 2000s. Second, most of the environmental conflict issues lasted for more than 3 years, which means that they were long-term based, and more than half of them turned out to be associated with the region. Third, the overwhelming majority of the environmental conflicts were caused by the public sector including local governments, and the proportion of enterprises is on the increase. The local governments should need to change their role as a causer into a coordinator in terms of policy and roles. Fourth, most of the responders to environmental conflicts are composed of local residents and environmental agents, whose weight turns out to be on the rise. The construction of governance and the expansion of the areas of policy cooperation should be realized to alter roles. Fifth, environmental conflicts proved to be briskly unfolded in case the environmental influences were caused, and local residents in question turned out to become responders to conflicts when damages were done to them. When polices and projects are implemented, the opinions of the local residents concerned should be collected and there should be an increase in chances to participate in them. Sixth, there were less than 50 percent of the cases which had coordinators, which turned out to be mostly the judiciary. As social services have much to be desired in terms of the regulation and prevention of environmental conflicts, it is necessary that the system should be complemented.
Although this research is found to be meaningful for the synthetic examination of issues concerning the environmental conflicts in North Chungcheong Province, it also has limitations in that it has focused only on the conflict matters instead of dealing with them in comprehensive ways. The hope is that future research is to look into the characteristics of the entire environmental issues in consideration of the fact that the matters of conflict and non-conflict are magnified, deepened, reduced and relieved in the midst of mutual relation. In addition, it should be noted that the researcher’s own special experiences and views directly and indirectly involved in environmental conflicts may, unintentionally, have been reflected in both the advantages and the disadvantages of this research.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구 배경 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구 범위 및 방법 2
• Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 5
• 1. 환경이론과 환경운동 5
• 2. 갈등과 사회갈등이론 6
• 3. 환경갈등의 개념 및 특성 10
• (1) 환경갈등의 개념 10
• (2) 환경갈등의 발생원인 11
• (3) 환경갈등의 특성 14
• 4. 선행연구 검토 16
• Ⅲ. 분석의 틀 19
• 1. 분석 개요 19
• 2. 분석대상 환경갈등사례 선정 20
• (1) 선정 절차 20
• (2) 분석대상 선정 21
• 3. 분석요소 설정 및 속성 구분 26
• (1) 분석요소 설정 26
• (2) 요소별 속성구분 28
• 4. 분석의 틀 구축 30
• (1) 개요 30
• (2) 환경갈등사례 표준화 및 종합 분석 틀 30
• (3) 빈도 분석틀 32
• (4) 시기별 특성 분석틀 33
• (5) 주체-역할 상관관계 분석틀 34
• Ⅳ. 충북지역 환경갈등 전개과정 37
• 1. 개요 37
• 2. 시기구분 37
• 3. 환경갈등의 시기별 전개과정 41
• (1) 1기 : 환경갈등의 폭발기(1995～1998년) 41
• (2) 2기 : 광역․유역적 갈등 표출기(1999～2002년) 43
• (3) 3기 : 원흥이생태보전운동 집중기(2003～2006년) 44
• (4) 4기 : 4대강 사업 집중기(2007～2010년) 46
• (5) 5기 : 환경갈등의 전환기(2011년～ ) 47
• 4. 전개과정 종합 49
• Ⅴ. 환경갈등 특성분석 52
• 1. 빈도분석 52
• (1) 연도별 환경갈등사안 발생빈도 53
• (2) 환경갈등사례 분석요소별 속성빈도 54
• 2. 시기별 특성분석 55
• (1) 환경갈등사례 진행과정별 발생현황 55
• (2) 환경갈등사례 분석요소 시기별 특성 58
• 3. 주체-역할 상관관계 분석 66
• (1) 환경갈등사례의 주체-역할 관계 66
• (2) 원인․피해․대응 내용별 관계 67
• 4. 분석결과 종합 및 시사점 도출 69
• Ⅵ. 결론 73
• 참고문헌 75
• 부록 1. 충북지역 환경갈등사례 선정 내역 79
• 부록 2. 충북지역 환경갈등사례 속성분석 결과 99
• 부록 3. 환경갈등사례 속성분석 결과 종합 131
• 부록 4. 전문가 설문조사 및 집단 인터뷰 135